1880. | In North America from 1840 to 1858. 31 
Territories in progress yet. Here may be mentioned, though 
not in the compass of this historical sketch, the surveys of Hay- 
den, Powell, Wheeler, and King, who surveyed the State . of 
Nevada, and whose report contains, in the fifth volume, the botany 
of Nevada and Utah, by Sereno Watson. 
Several expeditions were orderéd by the Government, in 1853, 
to cross the Rocky mountains to the Pacific, along certain par- 
allels, to explore. the most practical route fora railroad to the 
Pacific coast. The parties consisted of a military command and 
a number of technic and scientific assistants. The reports of 
these explorers were afterwards published by the Government in 
thirteen quarto volumes, extensively illustrated and full of the 
most important scientific matter. The botanical collectors were 
the following: Dr. Suckley, naturalist to the party of Gov. 
Stevens, who proceeded between the parallels 47 and 49 to 
Oregon. The botanical report of this route, with six plates, we 
find in the last volume; it contains the collections of Suckley on 
the plains, 323 species, examined by Prof. Gray (one genus and 
three species were new), and a catalogue of plants from Washing- 
ton territory collected by Dr. Cooper. Those east of the Cascade 
range, 75 species, of which two were new, were examined by Prof. 
Gray, those of the west side, 386 species, of which one was new, 
collected by Suckley and Gibbs, were examined by Torrey and 
Gray. A general report on the botany of the route is written 
by Dr. Cooper. 
In Vol. u, Torrey and Gray reported on the collection of 
plants made by F. Creutzfeldt, a German gardener from St. Louis, 
who was engaged as botanist under the command of Capt. Gun- 
nison, and was killed with the same, by the Indians, near Sevier 
lake, Utah. He collected 124 species, with two new ones; the 
report is illustrated by three plates. After the murder of Gun- 
nison, the party reached, under Lieut. Beckwith, the Great Salt 
lake, where the winter was passed. J. A. Snyder, the topog- 
rapher of the party, took charge of the botanical collections made 
along the 41st parallel, from the Great Salt lake to the Sacramento z 
river, The plants, 59 species, were published by Torrey and 
Gray. There were seven new species, illustrated on seven plates. 
The richest collection was that of Dr. J. M. Bigelow, under 
Capt. Whipple, along the 35th parallel; it is published in Vol. 1v, 
and contains 1109 species of vascular plants, amongst which nine _ 
