1880. | In North America from 1840 to 1858. 33 
1858, in two large volumes; the first half of the second volume 
contains the botany. An introductory chapter on geographical dis- 
tribution and botanical features of the country was written by Dr. 
C. C. Parry, the catalogue of plants, with descriptions of twelve 
new genera and 195 new species, with illustrations on sixty-one 
plates, by Torrey, partly by Gray and Engelmann, who elaborated 
the Cactaceze separately and described ninety-two species, of 
which not less than forty were new, with seventy-five plates. The 
whole work contains under 2140 species, 235 new ones. The 
most new species, besides the Cactacez, we find amongst the 
Euphorbiacee (36), described by Engelmann, then under the 
Composite (32), and the Scrophulariacee (19), both orders 
described by Prof. Gray. Eight orders comprise half the species 
of the collection: Composite 430, Leguminosze 212, Euphorbi- 
acee IOI, Cactaceze 92, Scrophulariacez 71, Cyperacez 61, Labi- 
ate 53 and Crucifere 47. The large order of Graminee, elabo- 
rated by Dr. George Thurber, was unfortunately omitted on ac- 
count of the already too great size of the volume. Geo. Thur- 
ber was one of the botanists of the survey under Bartlett at 
the same time with Dr. J. M. Bigelow. Gray published already, 
in 1854, in Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, N. S. Vol. v, “Plante nove Thurberianz,” twenty- 
eight species, of which six belong to six new genera. Charles 
Wright was attached by Col. Graham to his separate corps of 
the survey. Under Emory, Dr. C. C. Parry and A. Schott made 
the botanical collections. 
The important result of all these explorations was not only the — 
multitude of new genera and species made known, but the light 
thrown upon the distribution of North American plants. It was 
recognized that there is an unmistakable difference between the 
eastern wooded, the central treeless and the Californian sections of — 
temperate North America, of which the first may be called 
the sylvan, the second, the campestrian, and the third, the Cali- 
fornian botanical province. The campestrian province reaches — 
` from West Texas to Southern California, and far north on both 
sides of the Rocky mountains ; the Sierra Nevada and Cascade 
range, in Oregon, form the western border, but on the east side 
there is no sharp line, the prairies stretching into the wooded 
country. That the flora of East Texas is identical with that 
of Louisiana and the other Gulf States, fg Sate has suffi- 
VOL. XIV.—No. 1. 3 
