34 Historical Sketch of the Science of Botany [Januar 
ciently demonstrated in the Proceedings of the American Asso- — 
ciation, fifth meeting, 1851. a 
At the time of Fremont’s first e a two German botan- 4 
ists directed their lonely ways to the Rocky mountains and to th 
Territory of Oregon. 
Carl Geyer, born 1809, came to America in 1835. As alread 
mentioned he was employed as a collector by Nicollet, afterwar 
he crossed the Rocky mountains under 40° N. L. to Orego 
who examined the plants and described fourteen new species in 
Fournal of Botany, 1845 to 1856. Geyer himself furnished in- 
teresting remarks on the features of the country. He returned 
. in 1845 to Germany, and died there in 1853. 
Lueders, from Hamburg, crossed the Rocky mountains in 
1843, and made collections in Oregon Territory. Fremont m 
him near the Cascades of the Columbia river, where he (Luede 
lost his package by capsizing of his canoe in the rapids, an acci- 
dent which Fremont memorized by naming a little bay in t 
locality after his name Lueders’ bay, probably a poor reparation 
for his loss. Nothing was known of him afterward. . 
Descriptions of plants collected by Dr. Wm. Gambel in t 
Rocky mountains and California were published by Thom 
Nuttall in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
new species, but not all of these remained valid. 
Captain Stansbury explored,- 1849-1850, the valley d t 
Great Salt lake. His report was published by the Government in 
1852. Appendix D contains the þotany examined by Torrey, 
The knowledge of the botany of British America was greatly 
promoted by Sir John Richardson's Arctic searching expedition, 
published in two volumes, London, 1851. The object of the e 
pedition was the search for the lost Captain Franklin along the 
north coast. The voyage was made in boats from Lake Superi 
via Lake Winnipeg to the Mackenzie river, then from Great Bear 
lake to the Coppermine river, and lasted from May, 1848, to Sept. | 
1849. In the Appendix (more than half the second volume) we 
find chapters on the physical geography, climatology and geo 
graphical distribution of plants north of the 49th parallel, 
