1880. | In North America from 1840 to 1858. 37 
for the knowledge of the botany of Illinois by Dr. S. B. Mead, of 
Augusta, Hancock county, and Dr. G. Vasey, of McHenry 
county. . 
Amongst the American botanists, although born in Germany, 
may be named Dr. Rugel. He came, in 1842, to America, and 
settled afterwards in East Tennessee, where he lately died. He 
collected in the South-eastern States, and used to send his collec- 
tions to Shuttleworth, in Geneva (Switzerland). / 
There is a number of catalogues which fall partly in the latter 
time of the second period, that of Bachman, of the plants in the 
vicinity of Charleston, S. C., 1834; by Gibbes, of the plants of 
Columbia, S. C., 1835; by Aiken, of the plants near Baltimore, 
1836; by Lea, of plants collected in the vicinity of Cincinnati, 
after his death published by Sullivant. The fungi of the collec- 
tion were examined by Berkeley. 
Ravenel published a paper on the plants of the Santee canal, 
1850, and Kirtland one on the climate, flora and fauna of the 
southern shore of Lake Erie, 1852. 
Publications on single orders exist of Jos. Barratt, “ Salices 
Americanz” and “ North American Carices,” 1840; of Tucker- 
man, “ North American Lichens,” 1848; of Sullivant, “ Musci 
Alleghaniensis,” 1846, and “ Bryology and Hepatology of North 
America,” 1847; of Bailey, on “North American Alge.” 1848; 
of Curtis, on “ North American Fungi,” 1848, both in Siman’ s 
Yournal ; of Dewey, “ North American Carices,” in Sz//iman's 
Sournal; of Sartwell, “ Carices Americe septentrionalis exsicca- 
tæ,” 1848-1850 (158 species) ; of Alex. Braun (professor in Berlin, 
who died lately), “ Equisetae and Chara,” in Siiman’s Fournal ; 
of Harvey (professor in Dublin, dead since 1866), “ The Marine 
Algæ of North America,” in Smithsonian Contributions, 1858, 
three volumes, with fifty plates. as 
The chief authority on North American fossil plants is Leo 
Lesquereux, a native of Switzerland, residing in Columbus, -Ohio, 
who is besides a trustworthy judge of mosses, and compiled 
the catalogue of Arkansas plants in Owen’s Geological Report. 
An important branch of science, the geographical distribution of 
American plants, is yet in its infancy. It requires a thorough | 
knowledge of local floras in connection with the physical and 
climatological condition of each locality to get the right view of 
this matter. Some steps have been made in that direction, some 
