260 A Review of the Modern Doctrine of Evolution. [ April, 
upon invertebrate palzontology than that of the Brachiopoda. 
For this reason mention should be made here of a memoir by 
Prof. W. K. Brooks, on the “ Development of Lingula and the 
systematic position of the Brachiopods,” published in Scientific 
Results for 1878, Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory, Johns Hop- 
kins University, Baltimore, 1879.. Prof. Brooks opposes the views 
so long and ably advocated by Prof. Morse, that the Brachiopoda 
are specialized worms, and presents his reasons for regarding 
them as more nearly related to the Polyzoans. 
The foregoing notes, so far as is known, embrace all the publi- 
cations that come within the scope of this article. There are, 
doubtless, other works in progress whose authors are waiting 
suitable opportunity to pursue their investigations. Prof. A. R. 
Grote has some uncompleted and unpublished notes on a new 
form of the remarkable crustacean genus Ausarcus Grote and Pitt, 
in the Waterlime group of Western New York. Prof. Verrill 
has also in hand the few fossils that were dredged from the sub- 
merged Tertiary beds off the north-eastern coast, but nothing has 
been published concerning the fauna of this Tertiary Atlantis 
since his article of last year in the American Fournal of Science 
and Arts. 
It has often been a subject of remark during the past few 
years that invertebrate paleontology was receiving comparatively 
little attention in the United States, but the foregoing makes a 
= very satisfactory showing for the past year. The excellent char- 
acter also of much of the work that is being done by the younger 
palzontologists promises well for the future. 
20% 
A REVIEW OF THE MODERN DOCTRINE OF 
EVOLUTION.—Conciupep! 
BY E. D. COPE. 
III. Metaphysics of Evolution. 
ENTER here upon a wide field, over which I can only skim 
on an occasion like the present. The subject has been 
already introduced by reference to consciousness as modifying 
1 A lecture delivered before the California Academy of Science, Oct. 27, 1879- 
