1880. | The Tongue of the Honey Bee. 493 
of Natural History, for 1878, Mr. V. T. Chambers, an able 
entomologist of Covington, Kentucky, published a very admir- 
able paper upon this subject. In the American Quarterly Mi- 
croscopical Journal for 1879, p. 287, the subject was again pre- 
sented in a beautifully illustrated article by Mr. J. D. Hyatt, 
President of the New York Microscopical Society. I learn that 
Wolff has published a fully illustrated memoir on the anatomy 
of the honey-bee which, I regret to say, I have not seen, 
From Messrs. Chambers and Hyatt’s papers, and my own re- 
searches and observations, I am able to present the following 
. facts: 
The mouth-parts of the honey-bee brought into requisition 
when the insect takes. a liquid into its pharynx, are the maxille 
and the labium. 
The maxillze or second jaws (see m x in Fig 1, A) are situated 
each side of the labium. They are hinged to the head by the 
strong cardos (see c ¢ in Fig. A) which are chitinous rods. Ex- 
tending forward from the cardo is the more flattened stipes (see sź, 
st in Fig. A) which is also mainly chitinous. From the stipes pro- 
jects the triangular, deeply grooved lacinia (see /, Zin Fig. 1, A). 
This is more membranous, but it is strengthened by a ridge of 
chitine which extends to the apex. At the base the very rudimen- 
tary maxillary palpi (see mp, mp in Fig. 1, A) are visible, while 
scattering hairs project from the inner margins. When the maxillz 
are brought close together a tube is formed, which is continued by 
_ aid of a colorless membrane to the opening into the pharynx. 
This opening is beneath the labium and between the mandibles. 
The colorless membrane is continuous with the epipharynx. The — 
muscles which move'the maxillz are attached mainly to the Caro 
and stipes. 
The labium or lower lip of the worker honey-bee is o lit 
twenty-three to twenty-seven hundredths of an inch long. It 
consists of a central portion, and two pairs of appendages, the 
paraglossx (see ż, p in Fig. 1, A) and the labial palpi (see 4,24 in 
Fig. 1, A). Thecentral portion is divided into a basal two-sevenths, 
or mentum (see min Fig. A) and the terminal five- sevenths or- 
ligula (see ¢ in Fig. t, A and B). The mentum is about seven-hun- 
dredths of an inch long. It is hinged to the sub:mentum (see o 
in Fig. 1, A) which in turn is hinged to the maxilla by two chitin- 
ous rods (see 4, 6 in Fig. 1, A). These rods permit free motion, = 
