r880. | Anthropology. 297 
. cavernosum. Three species of Helix having been shown to be 
viviparous, a fourth (Helix studeriana, from the Leychelles) has 
been found by Vignier to bring forth its young alive. The so- 
called proboscis of Pterotrachea, a Heteropod mollusc, has been 
found to possess organs of taste, the gustatory papilla having, it 
is claimed by Todaro and Milone, the same structure as those of 
the Mammalia. Indications of the molting of the horny beak 
of a penguin (Eudyptes) were presented to the Zoological Society 
by Dr. Mulvany. It appears that the Phylloxera in France 
resisted the severe cold and deep snow of the past winter, the 
temperature in December having been below 10° and 12° F. No 
remedies: have yet proved successful in dealing with this dreadful 
pest. 
ANTHROPOLOGY.’ 
AMERICAN Etunotocy.—In the history of every science 
there are periods when the student may lay aside the apparatus 
of the investigator and bring together the results of varied 
researches into one general view. Such an opportunity offered 
itself, and was well utilized, when Mr. John D. Baldwin, profiting 
by the labors of Schoolcraft, Squier and Davis, Stephens, Cather- 
wood, the earlier Government surveys, and the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution, as well as the older authorities, published, in 1871, his 
“ Ancient America.” 
A personal familiarity with the very arena on which the history 
of the Mound-builders was enacted, and the accumulation of new 
materials, induced Dr. J. W. Foster, in 1873 to publish his “ Pre- 
historic Races in the United States.” 
y 
e work consists of eleven chapters, treating of the ancient — 
ern continent, origin of the ancient Americans, especially the _ 
Edited by Prof. Orts T. Mason, Columbian College, Washington, D. C. — : ae 
_ VOL, Xrv.—wnNo rv, 20 
