1880. | Geography and Travels. 305 
a report giving the results of these researches. A recent num- 
ber of the Nature (February 12, 1880) gives a résumé of the work, 
from which we take the following: 
“The work contains four memoirs of great interest: an ac- 
count of the expedition upon the inland ice, made by Lieut Jan- 
sen in 1878; a record of the astronomical and meteorological 
observations made during this journey; notes on the geology of 
the west coast of Greenland, by M. Kornerup; and remarks upon 
the plants collected by the last named explorer, by M. Lange. 
“Starting from the néighborhood of Frederikshaab, in South 
Greenland, Lieut. Jansen traversed a distance of forty-six miles 
over the continental ice. Here he found, as did Dalager, who 
made a similar attempt from the same point in 1751, that a num- 
` ber of islands of rock (Nunatakker) rise above the general level 
of the great sea of ice, and upon these rocky islets no less than 
fifty-four species of plants were collected.” 
Of the character and movements of this great sheet of ice we 
learn that: 
“1. At a-distance of 75 to 76 kilometres from the shore, the 
continental ice attains a height of 1570 metres (5115 feet), and 
must be of considerable thickness, since its inclination to the east 
from the Isblink of Frederikshaab averages only 40’. 
“2. On that part of the continental ice which has been ex- 
of the ice, in some cases actually bringing about a reversal of 
the direction. © 
“3. The surfaces of dislocation’ resulting from the movement 
of the ice are almost vertical in the midst of the continental ice, 
but they incline at the edge and near the ‘ Nunatakker,’ where 
the slope of the ground is great, and the upper parts of the ice, 
in Consequence, move more rapidly. 
“4. The crevasses are partly perpendicular, partly parallel to 
the direction of the movements, following the nature of the in- 
equalities of the rock bed, and in places where the ice takes a 
fan-like disposition, both radial and tangential crevasses are oD- 
served. : 
“5. Around the ‘ Nunatakker’ and the rocks near the shore 
the surface of the continental ice is impregnated with fine rocky 
débris (sand and clay), which are brought there by tempests, and — 
which brooks carry from a distance to the cavities of the conti- 
nental ice. The masses of clay thus collected give rise to the 
pyramids of ice which, near the Isblink of Frederikshaab, attain 
an elevation of nearly sixty feet. Se ee 
_ “6. Moraines of different form are found on the ‘continental — 
ice, especially near the ‘ Nunatakker,’ and they must be referred 
to the classes of ground moraines and terminal moraines. They _ 
frequently form curved or semi-circular lines, and inclose well- 
