188o. | Botany. 365 
plants, but to a soluble poison—septin or sepsin—existing with 
the Bacteria in the putrid fluid. But other symptoms set in in 
about one-third of the cases, and it was found that one-tenth of a 
drop of blood from any part of an infected animal was able to 
communicate the disease to another. Thus Koch carried the 
disease through seventeen successive animals, the second being 
infected from the first, and so on through the entire series. n 
examination of the blood of any of these mice revealed multitudes 
of minute Bacillus-like Bacteria, of definite size and form, and 
country. This mildew is frequently confounded with the true 
Oidium, but is allied to the potato disease, being caused by a 
nearly allied fungus (Peronospora viticola). A new form of Ba- 
cillus has been found in the liver of a badger. The spores of 
a number of species of Bacterium, Vibrio, Spirochæte, and especi- 
ally Leuconostoc have recently been discovered by Van Tieghem. 
hile Chiene and Ewart have stated that neither bacteria 
nor their germs exist in the healthy organs of animals, Nencki and 
Giacosa have ascertained by very careful experiments that they do 
