1 880. ] The Critics of Evolution, 409 
biology, such as Gray, Whitney, A. Agassiz, Hagen, Goodale, Sha- 
ler, James, Farlow and Faxon, is an evolutionist, and man’s physi- 
cal structure they regard as no real exception to the law. They are 
all said to be theists and all conservative men. At Johns Hop- 
kins University, Baltimore, which aims to be the most advanced 
in the country, evolution is held and taught. In the University 
of Pennsylvania all the biological professors are evolutionists, 
Leidy, Allen, Rothrock and Parker. At Yale, Michigan Univer- 
sity, Brown, Cornell, Dartmouth, Bowdoin, Princeton, the biologi- 
cal professors are all in the same category. There can scarcely an 
exception be found. Wherever there is a working naturalist he 
is sure to be, almost without an exception, an evolutionist. Prof. 
James D. Dana often adduced as an opponent, in his new “ Text 
Book of Geology,” p. 341, says: “Its progress [the system of 
nature] if by divine power should be, as zodlogical history attests, 
a development, an unfolding, an evolution.” “ We challenge,” 
Says an ex-president of the American association for the advance- 
ment of Science, “ to find three working naturalists of repute in 
the United States—or two (we can find one in Canada)—that is 
not an evolutionist. I should regard a teacher of science who 
denied the truth of evolution as being as incompetent as one who 
doubted the Copernican theory.” (Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 
XVI, pp. 558-559.) “It is now regarded, among the active workers 
in science, as a waste of time to discuss the truth of evolution. 
The battle on this point has been fought and won.” 
Evolution demonstrated by the Changes going on around us.— 
Those of our critical friends to whom evolution is not to their 
understandings established on a basis of demonstration, I would 
refer to a very instructive paper republished in the supplement to 
the Popular Science Monthly, Vol.xv, entitled “ Animals and their 
Environments.” They will there find indubitable proof that cer- 
tain animals were not originally created as they now exist, and 
that their surroundings have greatly modified their forms, and 
the doctrine of special creation demolished. Among others, 
the changes that take place in the flounder and other flat fishes 
are described, and the manner in which these fishes, originally 
formed symmetrically like others of their congeners, with eyes on 
both sides of their heads, swimming upright, and colored on the 
back and white on their under side, become, through want of a 
Swimming bladder to preserve them in an upright position obliged 
- VOL. X1V,—No VI. 27 
