412 The Critics of Evolution. [June, 
The Struggle for the Liberty of Science—To those who are 
acquainted with the history of physical discovery, and the great 
struggle for the liberty of science, the conflict waged with evolu- 
tion by theological error seems but a continuation of the struggle 
that has lasted for so many centuries. “ Unfortunately, some . 
good men started, centuries ago, with the idea that purely scien- 
tific investigation is unsafe, that theology must intervene, and 
thus. began this great war.” Among the leading innovations 
advanced by science, there are few indeed that have not been 
opposed by theologians. The idea that the earth is a globe was 
pronounced fraught with danger to Scripture-—that is the popular 
interpretation—and the great majority of the fathers of the 
church denied that a man could be saved who believed the earth 
to be round and inhabited on its opposite sides! It was not until 
Magalhaens sailed around the earth, that theologians subsided. 
The Copernican theory of the heavens, now universally accepted, 
was solemnly condemned, and to read the book of Copernicus 
was to risk damnation. H. Bruno was hunted from land to land 
and finally burned alive because of its advocacy. It was not 
established until the telescope of Galileo confirmed its truth, and 
even then, many either declared it impious to look into the tele- 
scope of Galileo, or if they saw the satellites of Jupiter, denounced 
them as delusions of the devil! The story of the unfortunate 
Galileo, and his sorry recantation of the truth, is known to all in- 
telligent readers. 
“There has been raised the same cry in all ages—the same we 
hear in this age—for curbing scientific studies.” The anatomist 
Vesalius was. hunted to death because he dissected the human 
body. Theology denounced in sermons “ the dangerous and sin- 
ful practice of inoculation” for the small-pox, and Jenner's vac- 
cinnation was declared as “ bidding Heaven defiance.” Even the 
use of chloroform in our own day, for theologians have not 
learned wisdom, was, from the pulpit, declared “ contrary to Holy 
Writ!” 
which the genesis of man has been effected, should consult a series of papers pu 
lished in the Penn sei: for April, May and June, 1877, and since esse 
by E. Stern & Co., 125 and 127 N. Seventh street, Philadelphia. These papers, by 
L. A. Ward, A.M., are catitied “ Haeckel’s Genesis of Man; a History of the De- 
velopment of the Human Race,” being a review of his Anthropogenie, embracing 
a summary and exposition of his views and of those of the advanced Germa n school 
of science, and since translated into English and published, and entitled “ The Evo- 
lution of Man,” by that vigorous expositur of this doctrine. New York, 1879- 
