438 Recent Literature. [ June, 
of level and temperature, are forms like Lingula, Limulus and 
Amphioxus, which live in shoal water and evince the wonderful 
vitality which is the assurance of their high antiquity. It was, 
moreover, useless to look for allies of the trilobites in the abysses, 
of the sea, when it was already known that in Limulus we had a 
form as closely allied to the trilobites as one order of insects are 
to another. J 
Mr. Moseley’s book is unpretentious, thoroughly interesting 
from the large number of novel views and facts, and will remain 
the best popular record of the voyage of the Challenger. 
CLARKE’s DEVELOPMENT OF THE SALAMANDER.’—The external 
changes undergone by one of our common salamanders are 
described and figured by Dr. Clarke in this interesting paper, 
which for the first time gives a connected account of the develop- 
ment of an American amphibian. The eggs of this common 
salamander are attached in bunches of from three or four to two 
hundred in a gelatinous mass to the stem of some aquatic plant 
or submerged leaves. After segmentation and the appearance of 
the medullary folds, with the groove between them, the folds 
close in, forming the neural tube. The body elongates, becomes 
ciliated and rotates ‘horizontally upon its axis. The head is next 
marked off and the optic vesicles, branchial lobesand head-balancers 
appear; then the fore limbs begin to bud out, the heart soon pul- 
sates, and then the nasal pits and mouth are indicated; the tail 
and dorsal fin grow rapidly and the branchial lobes are divided 
into three pairs of gills. The head, mouth and gills are elabo- 
rated, the digits on both pair of limbs appear, and by the hun- 
dredth day after segmentation begins, the gills are resorbed and 
the animal assumes the adult state. 
Pennine’s Text Book or Fretp Geotocy.2—The first edition 
of this valuable book appeared about a year ago and attracted 
considerable attention. The first edition contained 227 pages, 
while to this last edition about one hundred pages of new matter . 
are added. The growing popularity of geological field excur- 
sions among the students of our higher schools and colleges, 
renders such hand books indispensable. The chapters on geologi- 
cal surveying, sections, lithology, &c.,‘are handled in a practical 
manner, and are simple, clear and intelligible. The illustrations 
are also well chosen. Not the least important pts of this 
book is the section on palæontology, by Mr. Jukes-Browne. 
it he shows very clearly the valuable aid of fossils in detereniniig i 
velopment of Amblystoma punctatum Bai Part 1. External. Ex- 
tracted aes Studies from the Biological “pees tag of the Johns Hopkins Univer- 
y T 
2A Toxt Book of Field api gý. By W. HENRY ee F.G.S. ais sec- 
tion on Paleontology. By A. J. JuKEs-BROWNE, .S. Second edition, 
8vo, pp. 319. Geological map and twenty-nine ‘wood- ane (London, Balliene, 
Lindall & Cox, 1879. 
