1880. | Anthropology. 453 
and many other later distinguished archeologists and critical his- 
torians of the East are not mentioned. The restoration of the 
Neanderthal man, accredited to Mr. Cushing, is evidently copied 
from the plaster cast in Ward’s Museum, at Rochester. The well 
established principle of law and science that the prisoner and not 
the court has the benefit of the doubt, is sometimes inverted, and 
all doubtful cases are claimed as evidence on the author’s side. 
Upon this point we would utter the caution that to the anthropol- 
ogist the antiquity or non-antiquity of man, an und fiir sich, are 
alike indifferent. The truth is above all. r. Huxley assured 
his hearers at the last meeting of the British Association, that the 
discoveries of M. Boucher de Perthes, in the Somme valley, are 
not near so ancient as they are claimed to be. At the same 
meeting Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins read a paper on the geological 
evidence of the antiquity of man, of which the following is an 
abstract. “The evidence which geology has to offer as to the 
antiquity of man is as follows: In the Eocene age there were 
only families and orders of living Mammalia, and no living gen- 
€ra or species. It is, therefore, hopeless to look for man at this 
time in the earth’s history. In the succeeding or Miocene age, 
living genera of mammals appear, but still no living species of 
Mammalia. If the flints found at Thenay, and supposed to prove 
the existence of Miocene man, be artificial, and be derived from 
a Miocene stratum, there is, to my mind, an insuperable difficulty 
in holding them to be the handiwork of man; seeing that no 
living species of quadruped was then alive, it is to me perfectly 
incredible that man, the most highly specialized of all, should 
have been living at that time. The flints shown to me in Paris by 
Prof. Gaudry, appear to be artificial and partly natural; some of 
the former from their condition, having been obviously picked up 
on the surface of the ground. It is less difficult to believe them 
to have been the work of the large extinct anthropoid apes then 
living in France, than to view them as the work of man. Nor in 
the succeeding Pliocene age is the evidence more convincing. As 
the evidence stands at present there is no proof, on the continent 
or in this country [England], of man having lived in this part of 
the world before the middle stage of the Pleistocene age, when 
Most of the living Mammalia were then alive, and when mam- 
moths, rhinoceroses, bisons, horses, Irish elks, lions, hyenas and 
bears haunted the neighborhood of London, and were swept 
down by the floods of the Thames as far as Erith and Crayfor = 
In our own country, the occurrence of acorn mortars with crania 
resembling those of the modern Numas, in the Pliocene tertiary, 
should be vouched for by a professional archæologist, who re- 
moved them with his own hands, before any importance should be 
attached to them whatever. In the definitions of terms Mr. 
aclean is a little unfortunate; as, Brachycephalic, a skull whose 
transverse diameter exceeds the antero-posterior diameter ; Dolico- 
