1880. ] Zoölogy. 519 
monly called the sardine. This species comes into market in 
small quantities about April, becomes abundant in July and 
August, and appears occasionally at least as late as the beginning 
of November. Those brought in in April, May and June are chiefly 
young fish. 
The herring begins to arrive in our markets at the end of Sep- 
tember, and will, I am told, be in season during the rainy season. 
All that are brought to San Francisco are eaten fresh. 
The anchovy, Ængraulis ringens, is exceedingly abundant in 
this bay, and it is to be wondered at that more persistent efforts 
vea not been made to preserve them, or to make sauce from 
them. 
The “ Columbia river sardines”. occasionally sold in the shops, 
are not sardines in any sense. Those I have seen are the Eula- 
chon, Thaleichthys pacificus, a small fish of the salmon tribe. The 
Eulachon is very oily, and probably makes very palatable potted 
fish, but one can’t make a sardine out of a salmon. 
The young of either of the species of Clupea would make real 
sardines, or at least the nearest thing to them possible on this 
coast. The sardines of commerce are the young of the pilchard, 
C. pilchardus. These three species are the only true herrings 
found on this coast, but the related and world-wide species, A/bula 
vulpes, the lady fish, is tolerably-common farther south, and occa- 
sionally puts in an appearance in our markets among the fish from 
Monterey. 
lary ; operculum Striated; anterior margin of dorsal nearer the tip uf the snout than 
to the origin of the caudal; area included between the ridges on the top of the head 
narrow, pointed posteriorly; a row of dar k: : 
- mirabilis.—Body short, compressed, depth to length more than 1.5, thickness 
about two-fifths of depth; head not more than one-fifth of total length; lower jaw 
i max - 
: m 
origin of the caudal than to the tip of the upper jaw; area included between the 
midges on the top of the head an elongated ellipse; no spots along the sides. 
Drs. Schiddte and Meinert, of Copenhagen, requesting the loan of 
