606 General Notes. [ August, 
excellent, and reflect great credit on the publishers. The work 
consists of 478 pages, and may be considered under three very” 
different aspects, the biblical or exegetical, the ethnographical or 
descriptive and the ethnological or deductive. 
From an exegetical point of view, the author states that the 
account of Creation in Genesis has long been interpreted to mean, 
1, That the world, with all it contains, was created by God ; 2. 
That this occurred 4000 years B. C.; 3. That it was accomplished 
in six days; 4. That Adam was created on the sixth day; 5. 
That Eve was formed from a rib of Adam; 6. That Adam and 
others lived over goo years; 7. That the creation of man 
occurred in Western Asia; 8. That about 1636 A. M. a deluge 
destroyed the whole race save Noah and his family; 9. That all 
existing races came from Noah; 10. That the black races de- 
scended from Ham. 
On the contrary, Prof. Winchell holds, and defends with a great 
deal of learning, that the three dispersions of the posterity of 
Noah refer to the white race alone, embracing the blonde family 
(Japhetites or Aryans), the brunette family (Semites) and the sun 
burnt family (Hamites). The brown races, both Mongoloid (Tar- 
tar, Turanian) and Dravidian, and the black races, including 
Negro, Hottentot, Papuan and Australian are extra-Noachic and 
extra-Adamic. i 
All the legitimate and logical results from such a position are 
fully and freely admitted by the author; such as the rejection of 
the old chronology, non-inspiration of the narrative portion of 
the Old Testament, the application of apparent names of indi- 
viduals to tribes or nations. f 
In the ethnographic portion of the volume, the author has done 
his best work. It is not too much to say that there is no single 
work in our language which brings together so much © the 
latest investigations concerning the tribes of men inhabiting our 
Pre-adamite. : ; 
The discussions of ethnological probiems show that the author 
is cognizant of the latest phases ot the subject. The one to 
which he devotes the most space and in which he gives loose 
reins to his glowing style, is the question of racial cistinctions 
and the possibility of degeneracy. Some of his reflections upon 
Negro inferiority in answer to Drs. Strong, Whelan and others, 
will, doubtless, bring down upon him no little castigation. Apro- 
pos of degeneracy, Prof. Winchell makes a very neat distinction 
between séructural and cultural degradation, pp. 274-252; main- 
