714 Notes on Stone Implements found in New Jersey. |October, 
Prof. Perkins refers to the comparative rarity of grooved axes 
in the Champlain valley. So far as I can ascertain, they are not 
plentiful anywhere throughout New England, while in New Jer- 
sey and southward they are exceedingly abundant. During the 
years 1878 and 1879, I gathered nearly two hundred, and have 
certainly seen at least one thousand in the various private collec- 
tions I have studied. So numerous are these stone axes in New 
Jersey, that I think it within bounds to estimate one to every 
five hundred acres of the State’s territory, as ten thousand of these 
implements are still lying in the ground, and probably half as 
many more have been already found, and are now in part pre- 
served in public and private collections. As with arrow-points, 
axes are of every conceivable pattern, and, as yet, no form has 
been found elsewhere, to the writer’s knowledge, that is not rep- 
resented in New Jersey by one or more specimens. Even the 
South American form, wherein the groove is reduced toa deep? 
notch on the upper and lower margins, is represented by two 
specimens found by the writer, and now in the Peabody Museum, 
Cambridge, Mass. 
The remarkable gouge-like implements, on the other hand, are 
as common to New England as are the axes with us. So dis- 
similar, however, are the two forms, that it can scarcely be said 
that the one implement replaces the other. Certainly they could 
not have had similar uses. 
In one respect, the stone implements of Vermont may be said 
to be superior to those found in New Jersey. This is in the finish 
and fashioning of the pestles. Pestles with carved heads or any orna- 
mentation are rarely, if ever, found with us. There utility seems 
to have been wholly aimed at, and, except that some are highly 
polished, these implements have but little to attract attention. - 
Prof. Perkins refers to the similarity of the Vermont arrow-heads 
to those of the Southern States, and to a want of likeness to those 
found in New Jersey. The arrow-heads found here must by no 
means be judged by those I have figured in the Smithsonian Re- 
port. Since the issue of that volume, thousands of more delicate 
workmanship, and a score of other shapes have been gathered ; _ 
and I hope ere long to give figures of all these, and also of every 
pattern of stone implement, ornament or weapon found within the 
limits of the State. 
1 Archivos do Mus. Nacion. do Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 1, Estampa 1, Fig- 2- Rio, 
1876. 
