1880. | Recent Literature. 799 
fossil Echinoderms begun in the preceding part, and is partially 
based on the researches in this country of Hall, Billings, Shumard, 
Meek and Worthen and Wachsmuth, so that while the work is 
mainly compiled from European works and museums, the fauna 
of the two hemispheres is nearly equally well described and illus- 
trated. The Crinoids are treated with fullness, the descriptions of 
the families and genera being preceded by more detailed accounts 
of the orders, while the essential features of the class are given at 
greater length, due reference being made to the structure of the 
ard and soft parts of the existing species. The Cystoidea and 
Blastoidea have received full and detailed treatment. The star- 
fishes and sea urchins are described in the same manner, nearly 
as much space being given to the sea urchins as to the Crinoids. 
This part is illustrated by about two hundred woodcuts, nearly 
all well drawn and engraved. We do not know of a hand-book 
which will, when finished, be so useful for reference as this, at 
least so far as concerns the invertebrated animals and plants. 
Koppen’s Injurious Insects oF Russta.1—While the literature of 
€conomic entomology is fullest in this country, where more perhaps 
has been done than in Germany, France or England, considerable 
attention is now being given to this subject in Russia, which of 
late years, especially last year and this, has suffered grievously 
from the ravages of noxious insects. To the author of this book 
we are indebted for the best, most detailed and original treatise 
on the migratory locust of the old world. 
After briefly enumerating the insects found on the more im- 
portant trees and crops, the insects of different orders are 
described or referred to. The treatment of the subject is scarcely 
adapted to the needs of the unlearned, but as the first sketch of 
so vast a subject, the book will indirectly be of much practical 
value to Russian agriculturalists. 
Miss OmErop’s EnGuisH Injurious Insects.’ —Thkough this is a 
pamphlet of but forty-four pages, yet the eminently popular style 
and the illustrations will render it most useful to the average 
English farmer and gardener. Though British agriculturalists 
are heavy losers by the attacks of destructive insects, for many 
years past there has been a strange apathy on the part of the 
entomologists in calling attention to these pests. Miss Omerod’s 
annual reports and her earnest labors in economic entomology 
will, it is to be hoped, awaken fresh attention to a subject which 
rom its very nature has to be re-worked every few years. Miss 
Omerod announces her intention to prepare a hand-book of reme- 
dies to be used in checking the ravages of insects destructive to 
1 Die Sehädlichen Insekten Russlands. Von F. T. KOPPEN. St. Petersburg, 1880. 
8vo, pp. 526. 
Notes of Observations of Injurious Insects. Report 1879. London, W. Swan 
Sonnenschein & Allen. London, 1880. 1 shilling. Svo, pp. 44, with cuts. 
