” 
1880. ] Anthropology. &99 
ocean bottom. Spallanzani’s experiments on the regeneration 
of the head of gasteropods have been confirmed and extended by 
Carriéreé, whose experiments show that the eyes, tentacles and 
labial processes may be completely regenerated, but not the 
pharynx or the brain, the destruction or removal of which causes 
the deatli of the animal. Bees, wasps, &c., have been found to 
possess a spur at the apex of the first pair of tibize, whose function 
it is to clean the tongue and perhaps the antenne also. n 
odoriferous apparatus has been discovered by Von Richenau in 
Sphinx ligustris, consisting of a bunch of colorless hair-like scales - 
lying in a fold on each side of the first abdominal segment. Ac 
cording to a notice in the Journal of the Royal Microscopical 
Society, the organ could be extruded from the fold by pressure. 
The aperture has the form of a cylindrical tube, and here a strong 
musky scent was perceptible, which did not occur elsewhere. 
The scales are visible with the naked eye. Girard’s La Phyl- 
loxera is a little closely-printed brochure of 120 pages, giving a 
résumé of all that is known in France concerning this dreadful 
pest. It is accompanied by a map of France, showing the dis- 
tricts more or less infested. Some points in the developmental 
history of the lamprey eel are briefly discussed by Dr. W. B. Scott, 
in Zoologischer Anzeiger (Nos. 63, 64). No. 66 of the same use- 
ful periodical contains a notice of a viviparous Chirodota (C. vivi- 
ara = C. rotifera). In our last number Fabre’s discovery of 
parthenogenesis in a wild bee, Halictus, was noticed; we now 
have to record the discovery claimed by J. A. Osborne, in Nature 
for Sept. 30, of parthenogenesis in a beetle, Gastrophysa raphani. 
r. Osborne possessed a living beetle reared from an unfertilized 
egg. The embryology of the gar-pike (Lepidosteus) has re- 
cently been studied by Messrs. Balfour and Parker, of England, 
from eggs supplied by Mr. A. Agassiz. They find that the seg- 
mentation of the egg is complete as in the sturgeon, and that the 
nervous system is formed by a solid thickening of the exoderm, 
as in the bony fishes, and not by the closure of a groove, as in 
the sturgeon; while the general relation of the embryo to the 
yolk, and the general characters of the germinal layers are pre- 
cisely like those in the bony fishes. 
ANTHROPOLOGY.! 
New ARCHAOLOGICAL ENTERPRISES.—In addition to the suc- 
cessful institutions, both national and local, for the exploration of 
our American antiquities, two new enterprises have been set on 
foot with every promise of success, the Archeological Institute 
of America and the Lorillard Mission to the ruined cities of Cen- 
tral America. Of the former we have a full account in the first 
annual report of the executive committee, 1879-80, with a study 
of the houses of the American aborigines, by Lewis H. Morgan ; 
‘Edited by Prof. Oris T, MAson, Columbian College, Washington, D. C. 
