38 REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS. 



Whinchat, if not lighter, all the breast buff or isabell, the rump 

 also." 



Ruticilla plioenicurus ^ Eedstart. — Spring, Hunstanton l.h., 

 April 13th, 4 a.m., S., one male against lantern. Autumn, same 

 station, Aug. 30th, one male, 1 a.m., against lantern. Numerous 

 between Farn Islands and Yarmouth in September to the 24th, 

 associated frequently with Wheatears. Heligoland, Sept. 9th to 

 Oct. 1st ; on Sept. 10th enormous numbers, 14th great many, 

 and 17th to 21st also great many. 



Ruticilla titys, Black Eedstart. — Spurn, Oct. 23rd, one seen 

 (in 1882 at the Spurn, Oct. 29th). Galloper l.v., Oct. 28th, one, 

 young male or old female (wing to J. H. G.) ; I have no doubt 

 it occurs regularly as an autumn immigrant on our east coast, 

 and may be expected about four weeks later than the Eedstart.* 

 Heligoland, Oct. 27th, eight or ten. 



Cyanecula suecica, Eed- spotted Bluethroat. — One, coast of 

 Northumberland late in Sej)tember ; one, Eedcar, 21st, on Tees 

 breakwater ; one about same time at the Spurn, but not obtained ; 

 ten, coast of Norfolk, in same month ; and about twenty others 

 seen there by a competent authority, Mr. Power. All obtained 

 were birds of the year.! The gizzard of one of these Norfolk 

 birds which I examined was crammed with the broken remains 

 of small beetles having a bright metallic lustre, but the remains 

 were much broken and comminuted. 



Erithacus rubecula, Eedbreast. — First at the Shipwash l.v., 

 Aug. 13th, large numbers associated with Wrens, to Llyn Wells 

 L.V., Nov. 3rd, one killed; the main migration Sept. 10th to Oct. 

 14th, covering the entire coast-line; rushes on Sept. 21st and 

 30th, Oct. 6th and 7th. Heligoland, Sept. 24th to Nov. 23rd ; 

 rushes on Sept. 24th, and Oct. 3rd to 7th. t 



* Messrs. Clarke and Roebuck state, in their ' Handbook of Yorkshire 

 Vertebrata,' p. 19, that " Mr. M. B^ijiley, of Flamborough, has frequently 

 observed these birds in spring on their arrival on the headland, and has 

 known them killed by flying against the light in thick, foggy weather, with 

 the wind E.N.E. He has also seen them on their departure in September, 

 and has noticed several in October and November."^ 



I Mr. Giitke says "the other form, S. leucocyanea, Brehm, comes very 

 rarely so far north as Heligoland, and when it turns up it always does so four 

 to six weeks earlier than the suecica in the spring." 



t At the Spurn, in the autumn, I have seen Redbreasts come in directly 

 from the sea, passing overhead inland ; ©n a clear bright day the orange-red 

 of the breast shows very conspicuously. 



