XIV TREF ACE. 



through their children of mixed Hindü and Javanese race gradually imparted to the col- 

 loquial tongues that large accession of ideas which they stili retain , in the same way as 

 the Arabic derivatives have, at a later period , been introduced with the Mahomedan reli- 

 gion , and by sorne Arabs intermarrying with the natives, without either Hindüs or Arabs 

 having fitted out navies and armies to invade and conquer the country, as done by Eu- 

 ropeans in our days. 



The language which those Indians , whence soever they came, grafted upon the na- 

 tive stock, was not their own colloquial speech, but the language of their religion and 

 of their sacred books. They probably came from the Gangetic provinces, as neither the 

 Tellugu, Tamil nor Singhalese colloquial languages have made hardly any impression , and 

 if the Sanscrit literature and words were communicated by these latter people, it was 

 through the language of their literature and religion, which throughout India, especiallv 

 before the Mahomedan invasions, beginning under Mahmud of Gizni in A. D. 1000, was 

 the almost universal Sanscrit. 



In the following dictionary I have endeavoured to tracé out such words as have had 

 a Sanscrit origin , which I have been enabled to do , with the aid of the Singhalese and 

 English Dictionary of the Keverend B. Clough, Colombo 1830, who, in his p re face , de- 

 clares nine-tenths of the Singhalese to be derived from either Sanskrit or Pali. Not that 

 J have any pretentions to a proficiency in the Singhalese language, but I trust that it will 

 be found that such words as will be constantly occurring throughout the following pages, 

 will tend to throw some light upon this part of the language, and will elucidate many 

 words whose Sanscrit origin might not, at first glance, suggest itself. These words from 

 Clough are alwavs markcd bv the letter C. with a number after them , which is thenum- 

 ber of the page where they occur in the Dictionary , the Singhalese words of which are in 

 the Singhalese character. 



In this part of my study I have been assisted by the Articles supplied by Mr. R. 

 Friederich to the Transactiuns of the Batavian Society, with reference to Bali, which his 

 knowledge of the Sanscrit lias enabled him to do so often with happy succes. I am also 

 further indebted to this gentleman personally for Communications on the same matters, 

 which I trust I have, for the greater part acknowledged in their proper places. 



I have endeavoured to give the Botanical names to as many of the trees and plants 

 as possible, which occur in the work for the most part taken from Blume's Flora Javae , 

 or selected from various books or writings of which several notices in the Natuurkundig 

 Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, by Dr. G. Wassink have been fruitful sources. De- 

 ficiencies have often been supplied by occasional rambies in the Government Palace gar- 

 dens at Buitenzorg, where the plants are all carefully labelled by Mess". Teysmann and 

 Binnendijk, the gentlemen who have charge of this scientific ornament to the residence 

 of the Governor General of Netherland's India. 



The scientific naiues for the Zoology of Java have had their origin in Horsfield's 

 Zoulogy of Java and in various writings and Museums. 



"With a view to gleaning something of the Ancient lore and language of the Country 



