X TREF AC E. 



for the same purpose, denoting more, in excess. Leuwih hadé., more good. Leuwih pan- 

 jang, more long. Pang is always prefixed to the word to wliich it imparts a superlative 

 de"ree, which word tben must be foliowed by the partiele and postfix , an or na , as hadé , 

 ^ood , panghadé na or panghadéan, the best. Wh en extra force is wished to be applied 

 to this superlative degree, the word sakali , altogether — is added — as panghadéna sakali, 

 the most positive best. 



The past tense is indicated by the word anggeus, mostly abbreviated to geus , as 

 geus anggeus, it is done, it is completed. Geus datang , he has come, and corresponds 

 with the malay suda. The future tense is denoted by Mengké, answering to the Malay 

 nanti. Mengké datang, Iwill come. Mengké hadé, it will become good. 



The initial consonants of many words often vary rather arbitiarily for the sake appa- 

 rently of what appears to be euphony to native ears, thus 



Bëré beeomes Méré 



Boro 



5) 



Moro 



Nahëun 



;> 



Tahëun 



Nanva 



)> 



Tanya 



Notog 



» 



Totog 



Nyorén 



» 



Sorén 



Nvorang 



>> 



Sorang 



NyëurSud 



>) 



Sëurëud 



Nyukang 



SI 



Chukang 



Nvëkël 



» 



Chëkël 



Mëuting 



j> 



Pëuting 



Mëuwëuns 



»i 



Bëuwëung 



o 



when a word cannot bc found in the dictionary with one form of initial , an attempt must 

 be made to quess at its cfognate affinily, and sought elsewhere, as to have always given 

 the words with their varying shapes would only have unjüstifiably tended to swell the size 

 of the dictionary. 



An extensive class of words exists in the Sunda , which 1 have distinguished bv the 

 name of idiomatic expressions. They are monosyllables generally of three letters, as if 

 they were a remnant of a very rude and aboriginal state of the language. They are often 

 worked up into composite words, with the usual Sunda pre-and postfixes ka and an , or 

 some other analogons particles. The use of them in the crude form gives strengh to the 

 expression with which they are associated , and indicates a precise line of conduct or ac- 

 tion. Such idiomatic expressions will be found scattered through the whole work , such 

 are bet, bus, del, des, kek, kop, rem, rep, sep, ser, top, tut, They have a peculiar 

 force and cannot be translated by any corresponding word in a European language, 

 but their tendency has always been indicated. They may even be left out of the sense of 

 the passage where they occur, without exactly injaring the meaning, but a native makes 

 very extensive use of them , as they give force and precision to what he says. As kop 

 bai di hakan, putting it into bis month , he eat it. Kop indicates the deliberate act of 



