PREFACE. IX 



which foliowed it in the crude forin of the word, as luhur high gives laluhur., when 

 speaking of several. Gunung luhur a high mountain , guming laluhur, high mountains. 

 Bowas , startled gives rarowas; Rilces , rarikes ; rugi, rarugi. ïhus as if only the con- 

 sonant letter was duplicated, which lias always the vowel a inherent in it. This duplica- 

 tion of the first syllable is of very frequent occurence, and does not always denote a plural , 

 but indicates a modification of the original word so as to express a shade of idea. In du- 

 plicating the first syllable the inherent a is short, aud is often heard as e, and will be so 

 found in the dictionnary, thus badalc is a rhinoceros, bebadak , a fannel shaped bambu 

 basket loaded with stones in making dams in rivers , as if it resembled a bddalc or Rhi- 

 noceros. tabeuh to beat a musical instrument, a drum. Tatabeuhan , frequently heard as 

 tïiabeuhan , musical instruments which are struck , as gongs, drums, and the like. 



The short e suffixed to the initial consonant appears often to be made use of, to the 

 exclusion of the vowel suffixed to the initial consonant itself of the crude word , thus we 

 have chëcho-élan, derived of cho-él; teto-élan from to-cl; checho-oan , from cho-o, and 

 not clw-cho-elan , toto-élan , chocho-oan. 



When the vowel attached to the initial consonant is u : that vowel also occurs in the 

 duplicated word, as guru , a teacher, guguru , to get instrnction from a teacher. Gunt er , 

 a flood , gugunter , to wash away with a stream of water. Turub , a cover, to cover, lu- 

 turub , any temporary Shelter. 



The original word of the Sanscrit from which such initial duplicated words are taken , 

 does not always exist in Sunda, or even in the cognate Polynesian languages , but is 

 nevertheless a Sanscrit word. Thus we have sesawi, the mustard plant, from sawi , C. 

 720, strength , force, with out the latter word sawi being known in Sunda. So also se- 

 semon , longing for , but ashamed to ask , abashed , from samu, c. 710, leave, permission. 

 Bebendu and bebendon, disgrace , loss of favour, dishouour , from band.hu, C. 459 what 

 is bound bandhura , D. 459 injurions, mischievous. The simple words sawi, samu, and 

 bandhu not being found in the Sunda language, though evidently the etymons from which 

 sesaiui , sesemon and sebedon have been derived. This is remarkable and would seem 

 to indicate a greater know ledge originally of the Sanscrit, than we should at first sight 

 be justified in believing. 



Another modification of meaning to an original word is indicated by the syllable urn 

 inserted in the middle of the word, in the same way as in the plurals, by inserting Ra, 

 as above described. Thus we have from turun, tumurun , to come down by degrees. 

 Tua , old , and agung , chief become tumagung or tumunggnng , one of the titles of Ja- 

 vanese nobility. Tumorék, a deuse young jungle, which a man can hardly make bis way 

 through from torék , deaf. Many more examples will be found in going through the dic- 

 tionary. Vide um in voce. 



A comparative and superlative degree are formed by the words anan for the cora- 

 parative, and pang for the superlative see both words in voce. Manan appears to be de- 

 rived from Mana, where , and may be rendered by lohere of as Jyo hadê manan Uu, this 

 is better than that — as (these two) where of this is good. The word leuwili is also used 



