TREF ACE. VII 



Having in the northern languages of Europa the Sound of the English y, the Dutch 

 write the words wherein it occurs with dj, which for the reasons above assigued under 

 c for tj , rather express a French than an original Dutch Sound. ïhus where 1 have 

 written janji , the Dutch would write djandji, to give the Sound; or would pronounce 

 janji as yanyi, which is often made rediculons by the Malay example of jagah bai-bui 

 jangan jaiuh , which a Netherlander , fresh from Europe and unacquainted with the Malay 

 language invariably pronounces yaga bai-bai yangan yatuh. So aiso the Dutch call the 

 Island which we inhabit yava, which the natives call jawa, to express which according 

 to his own indeas of thé power of letters, a Plollander would have to write djawa. 



K has a uniform sound as in Icing, book , kick, kettle , and in Dutch as koning, kok, 

 ketel, koken, and as will be observed , 10o4 out of the 9308 words in the Dictionary, 

 begin with this hard consonant so pronounced. The English c with this power of k has 

 not been made use of. 



L is sounded as in land, loll , lily in English, and as lang, lui, lekker in Dutch. 



M as in man, maim , mummy in English, und meel, meer, mom in Dutch. 



N as in noun, no , linen , nose in English, and as na, naar, nanacht, neef in Dutch. 



The combination of letters ng is to be sounded as in sing , ringing, longing in English, 

 and zang, bang, tang, boring, hangen in Dutch. A great many words in Sunda begin 

 with this ng , the pronunciation of which to a beginner is rather difficult and perhaps caa 

 only be overcome by a little practice from hearing the natives pronounce it. Thus in 

 nga?ig''ah to gape , the apostrophe after the second ng" 1 shows that the word must be pro- 

 prounced ngang-ah, and not ngan-gali. The ng being in reality one letter sound , for which 

 no European language perhaps possesses an appropriate letter. The apostrophe ' has been 

 mserted wherever doubt was likely to arise as to pronunciation. 



P as in past, pope, pippiu in English, and as pak , pal, pap, pot in Dutch. 



Q is not used in this dictionary, but the power of the English Q is represented by 

 kw or kua. 



R sounds as in run, river , burrow, in English, or rot, rond, boor in Dutch. 



-S as in sun, past, suspect in English, and sober, som, simpel in Dutch. 



-SA does not occur in Sunda; the Arabic or Persian words where it ought to occur 

 being softened by the elision of the h thus shah , king becomes sah. 



T as in tame , tent, tatter , in English, und teen, toe, tor, tot in Dutch, and never 

 sibilant as in patience, nation. The English sound th does not occur in the language. 



V does not occur in any Sunda word. 



W is a very common sound, the same as in English wall, west, reward , or in the 

 Dutch wakker , wand , wild. 



X does not occur; its sound would be represented by ks , as kraksan , a place in the 

 Residency Basuki should never be written kraxan. 



Y is to be sounded as in yam, yet, yore in English, and not as the Dutch y which 

 has the power of ai. The Dutch represent this letter by j and jong, jood are by them 

 pronounced as yong , yood. 



