Yï PREFACE. 



lono; u, of the Italians and Germans , the oe of the Dutch , the ou of the French, and 

 the English oo in the Words moon , stoop, soon. Above all it must not be confounded 

 with the dipthongal sound of the English « in the words mute, acute, puny. 



Dipthongs are ai, au, eu , oi or oy and ay. 



Ai is sounded as the English long i in pike , line, mine; or in the French alle , 

 baille , caiilou. It is the savne as in the Dutch interjection ai, and as heard in the first 

 part of abjert , bajonet. 



Au is pronounced like English oio, in hoiu , cow , as jauli, ban, baar. And as 

 Dutch auw in kauio , Lauwer. 



Eu is of very frequent occurrence , but is not heard in Malay. It is also not an 

 English sound, but approaches nearest to pewter , lewd, dew , deuteronomy , duke. It 

 is a common Dutch sound as heard in peuteren, peid , beuren, beurs, beurt, and in 

 French in tailleur, leur, fleur. 



Oi is not of frequent occurrence and is pronounced as in the English hoist , moist, 

 choice , and French goïtre, royal. The ai and oi often assume the shape of ay and oy in 

 the Cornposition of words when foliowed by another syllable or letter barai , to pay ba- 

 raya, relations, poi , a day poyok, to jeerat. 



It will be frequently found that two Similar vowels come together , separated by a 

 hyphen — to show that they must each have a distinct sound. This cansesan hiatus which 

 is of very frequent occurrence in the Sunda, as ba-al, seu-eur, ho-ok, ju-uh , dé-ét, 

 ti-is. 



Consonants. B is pronounced as in English and Dutch bend , bib, babble, Tub or 

 bebloed, bek, bang. 



C occurs only in eh which is pronounced as in English church, chance , chest , toreh , 

 detached. The Dutch language does not contain this sound, and it is consequently repre- 

 sented by them by tj , which does not convey the Sound even according to the Dutch use 

 of the letters, asj with them has the power of, the English y; It ^rather conveys the force 

 of the French letters so applied. It is represented by the German Tsch. 



D is pronounced as in English did, added , and in Dutch, dak, dood. 



F occurs only rarely in words from the Arabic, when it has generally been conver- 

 ted into p , as ƒ is a sound which the Malays, Javanese and Sundaese are unable to pro- 

 nounce.- Thus Jikir to think, becomes pikir , and fasal becomes pasal. 



G is always hard as in game , gay , get , gioe , go , gun ; and never soft as in gestüre , 

 giant , ivage , for which j is uniformly employed. Care must be taken to always sound 

 this letter according to the examples here given , as it is by no means the gutteral Dutch 

 g in geld, geven, goot, nor the French g in geutil, genou, enre. 



Ris the aspirate, and may be pronounced as in the English words have, hold , high, 

 and Dutch hard, haring, haver. 



J is a character whose power in the English Alphabet is of great utility in expressing 

 all oriental sounds, and is to be pronounced as in jury, justice , jew, also as dg in judge , 

 pledge, lodging , and as g in gein, gentri/, sage. 



