346 A DICTIÖNARY SUNDANESE 



Pang' ëbus, a ransom. The price paid to redeem any object. 



Pang'éjoan, the period at whidh the rice is cooked. The period occupied in boiling a 

 pot of rice. A vague way of hïdicating time. 



Pang^éran, the highest title for a native on Java below the actual sovereignty of Su- 

 suhunan, Sultan or Panembahan, and given to princes of the blood. It is most likely 

 derived from Era, bashfullness, shamefacedness, with the prefix Pang, and suffix an. 

 The object before whom we ought to deport ourselves with bashfulness or shamefaced- 

 ness. The word éra does not appear in Javanese dictionaries, and may in that language 

 have become obsolete. It has, nevertheless, the above import in the Sunda language 

 (vide voce) and is a very common word. Pang'éran is also not unfrequently used to 

 designate God, and as such is used as a vocative in addressing the Deity. 



Pang'éran Adipati, the title of the heir apparent in Java. 



Pang' erok, the strike of a corn measure. A curry comb. Something to perform the 

 act of Kcrok , which see. 



Pang' ér on g, the prods or bambu skewers used in fastening on the covering along the 

 ridge poles of a thatched house. Derived from Kércrng , to wind round , as a rope 

 twisted round two sticks , and in tliïs case the Pang'érong holds the ropes which secure 

 the thatch. 



Pang'ëurëut, a cross beam or rafter in house building. The beam running at right an- 

 gles to the Lambaran, and binding together the two sides of a building. 



Pang gal, a top, a childs plaything. 



Pang gala k, the priming of a gun; the powder which rests in the pan. Liang Pangga- 

 lak, the touch hole of a gun. 



Pang gang, to roast before or on the fire; to roast, to grill. Panggang Jeotoïc, roast fowl. 



Panggangsoran, a bambu cut so as to present a sharp edge against which yams or 

 other soft vegetables are cut up , or reduced to shreds. 



Panggawa or Punggawa, high officers of state before the in troduction of Mahomedanism. 

 Prime ministers or deputies of the Sovereign. The word is given in Marsden's Dic- 

 tionary as of Javanese derivation and meaning „an officer," „a warriour," „a hero." 

 In the Tijdschrift voor Ned. Indië, 9de jaargang, 9de aflevering, year 184-7, page 290, 

 the following passage occurs, when giving a description of the „ Usana Bali,'" which 

 is a popular description of the institutes of the Hindu religion on Bali. „ There are 

 in attendance upon the Prince, all bis Punggaioas (chiefs, who are also the stadhol- 

 ders in the Provinces; thus on Bali, the seven other princes are the Punggawas of 

 the Déwa Agung of Klonkong. Punggawa is correctly speaking o. Buil; it is Sanscrit, 

 and thence derived to imply a Brave and Conspicuous man'". — The derivation of this 

 word is Sanscrit. — Pun , Clough page 405, means, male, masculine; Gawa, Clough 

 page 170, an ox, a bullock, and thus a masculine animal of the cow kind = a Buil. 

 in reference to the superstitious regard which Hindus entertain for the buil. There 

 are more examples of great men's names being derived from animals. See Maisa, Kebo, 



