246 



Marvels of the Universe 



A MUSHROOM PARASITE 



It is not an uncommon thing for a fungus of one type to attack one of a distinctlj- different type. 

 When any of the larger mushroom or toadstool forms begin to decay they are frequenth- o\-er- 

 run by one of the numerous species of mould, such as attack most decaying matter and help in tlie 

 final break-up of its tissues. But it is quite a rare occurrence for one of the mushroom type of fungi 

 to attack another species of the same group. Yet there are three closely-related species, known as 

 Russules, which appear to be the exclusive victims of hereditary feud, for there are two other and 



smaller species of mushroom, 

 known as Nyctalis, which will 

 grow nowhere else but on one 

 of these three Russules. 



The Nyctalis. which is 

 quite small when compared 

 with its four - inch - topped 

 host, is of a light grey colour 

 and issues in clusters from the 

 upper side of the Russule's 

 cap. Sometimes, however, it 

 hangs from the gills on the 

 lower surface of the cap ; and 

 in the example photographed 

 they are growing from both 

 parts, whilst another is sprout- 

 ing from just abo\'e the base 

 of the stem. 



The Nyctalis is a distinctly 

 rare fungus, and the fungus- 

 hunter who comes upon it in 

 the woods for the first time 

 will be very pleased with 

 himself. It gives out a very 

 distinct and penetrating 

 odour, which, once smelt, may 

 be instrumental in tracking it 

 down on other occasions. 



riioin ;.„] 



The clusters of sma 

 larger Mushroom upon 

 ground, and nave only b 



MUSHROOMS GROWING ON A MUSHROOM. 



while Mushrooms are of a totally distinct kind from the 

 hich they grow as parasites. They do not grow upon the 

 :n found upon this and one or two other Mushrooms. 



THE LONG-NOSED MONKEY OF BORNEO 



BY SIR H. H. JOHNSTON, G.C.M.G. 



Few monkeys present such an extraordinary appearance as the Long-nosed Monke\' of ^^'estern 

 and Southern Borneo. In the female and young of this species the nose is much smaller in its 

 projection from the face, and in the immature forms of either se.x the short nose turns up like the 

 caricature of a snub-nose among humans. Now there is a genus of " snub-nosed " monkeys 

 closely allied to them, with ridiculous turned-up noses, projecting not more than an inch from 

 the muzzle. These range from Eastern Tibet and Central China to Annam. At some time or 

 other a species of this group must have found its way to Borneo when the huge island was still 

 connected by land with the Malay Peninsula, for the more striking forms among the beasts and 

 birds now existing in Malaysia maj- be traced back to an evolutionary area in the Eastern 



