CAnRDUUS PALUsTRIS. MansH THISTLE. 
CARDUUS Zn. Gen. Pl. SvNGENESIA POLYGAMIA XQUALIS. 
Cal. ovatus, imbricatus, fquamis fpinofis.  Receft. pilofum. 
Raw Syn.Gen.9. HERB Fiore Ex FLoscuLIs FiSTULARIBUS COMPOSITO SIVE 
CAPITATA. . 
CARDUUS palufiris foliis decurrentibus dentatis : margine fpinofis, floribus racemofis ere&is, pe- 
dunculis inermibus. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 724. Sp. Pl. 1151. Fl. Suec. m. 720. 
CIRSIUM caule recto fubnudo alato, foliis femipinnatis fpinofis, calycibus molliter fpinofis. 
Haller Hifl. n. 170. 
CIRSIUM faluftre. Scopolc Fl. Carn. n. 1004. 
CARDUUS paluftris. Bauh. Pin. 377. Parkinf. 983. Ratt Synop. #. 194. Marth-Thiftle. Hud 
Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 352. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p.45 2 f. b. 19 Tud/on 

RADIX biennis. $ ROOT biennial. 
ot 
CAULIS quadripedalis, et ultra, ereCtus, ramofus, 
multangulus, pilis crebris longis albis hir- 
futus, alatus, fpinofus, longitudinaliter vi- ; 
ridi et purpureo variegatus. 
STALK four feet or more in height, upright, 
branched, multangular, hirfute with nume- 
rous long white hairs, winged, fpinous, va- 
riegated longitudinally with green and 
purple. 
LEAVES feffile, bent downwards, lanceolate, point- 
ed, jaggedly toothed, fegments horizontal, 
oppofite, together with the teeth broad and 
fomewhat blunt, the lowermoft tooth of each 
fegment crifp'd and elevated, veiny, hirfute 
with hairs ftanding remotely, above of a 
deep green colour, glaucous on the under 
fide, the mid-rib of a pale green colour, and 
extremely hairy underneath, the margin of 
the leaf fpinous, the fpines purplifh at the 
bafe and white at the extremity, the upper- 
moft ftalk-leaves elongated and linear at the 
extremity. 
Five or fix rows of fpinous rudiments of leaves 
running interruptedly down the ftalk, render 
it winged and fpinous. 
FLOWERS of a violet colour, feffile, in clufters on 
the top of the ftalk and branches. 
CALYX ventricofe, fomewhat ovate, fmooth, a little 
woolly, fcales lying -clofely one over the 
other, ovate, convex, green or purpliíh, 
terminated by a purple diverging mucro or 
point, fig. 1. magn. beneath which is a glofly 
linear prominence, jig. 2. 
COROLLA compound, tubular, uniform, twice as 
long as the calyx; Horets hermaphrodite, 
nearly equal, turned back, each fingle Floreé 
monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, the zude very 
flender, whitifh ; the Zm? upright, ovate at 
the bafe, divided into five einen which 
are of a violet colour, linear, equal, one 
more deeply feparated than the reft, very 
flender, fi. 3. 
STAMINA: five FiLAMENTS; ANTHER& forming 
a cylindrical tube, longer than the corolla, 
of a violet colour. 
PISTILLUM : GERMEN ovate; STvLE filiform, 
longer than the flamina, of a pale violet co- 
lour; SticMma fimple, tapering, and naked, 
Abe se a S. 
at 
vr, 
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FOLIA feffilia, deflexa, lanceolata, acuta, lacerato- 
dentata, laciniis horizontalibus, oppofitis, 
dentibufque latis, obtufiufculis, dente in- 
fimo cujufque lacinig crifpato, elevato, ve- 
nofa, pilis remotioribus hirfuta, fupra ob- 
{cure viridia, fubtus glauca, cofta pallide 
viridefcenti, fubtus hirfatiffima, margine fpi- 
nofo, fpinis bafi purpurafcentibus, apice 
albis, folia caulina fuprema apice linearia, 
elongata. 
Den ee ta ue ee don e e eee eerte e e 
Rete ay 
Foliorum rudimenta fpinofa ad caulem quinque 
et fexfariam interrupta, decurrentia, eum 
alatum, fpinofum reddunt. 
FLORES in fummitate caulis ramorumque congelti, 
feffiles, violacei. 
CALYX ventricofus, fubovatus, levis, fublanuginofus, 
aréte imbricatus, fquamis ovatis, convexis, 
viridibus aut purpurafcentibus, mucrone di- 
vergente purpureo terminatis, frg. 1. au£t. fub 
mucrone linea prominula nitida notatis, fig. 2. 
COROLLA compofita, tubulofa, uniformis, calyce 
duplo longior; Corollule hermaphrodite, 
fubzquales, reflexe ; Corolla propria mono- 
petala, infundibuliformis, £u£o tenuiffimo, 
albefcenti; démbo ereCo, bafi ovato, quin- 
quefido, violaceo, laciniis linearibus, zequa- 
libus, unica profundius feparata, jig. 3. 
eL Ve su At Moe Io re ito Nie te QE Le e rene e Ae e a 
Mas are anto, 
a nC CR 
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STAMINA: FizAMENTA quinque, capillaria; ANn- 
THERA cylindracea, tubulofa, corolla paulo 
ie longior violacea. 
PISTILLUM: GerMeEN ovatum; STvLus filiformis, 
ftaminibus longior, pallide violaceus; STIGMA 
fimplex, fubulatum, nudum, fg. 4. 
Vib Sethe weeds ale ate AT Fo aD 
a 
SEEDS 25 ds ovate, faintly angular, on one fide 
convex, on the other a little concave, 
whitifh, and fhining, fie. 5. 
‘i DOWN feffile and feathery, fg. 6. 
# RECEPTACLE hairy and flat. 
SEMINA obovata, obfolete angulata, hinc convexa, 
inde parum concava, albida, nitida, fig. 5. 
ab Ue aie ae die ao T Tee ai 
PAPPUS feffilis, plumofus, jig. 6. 
RECEPTACULUM pilofum, planum. 
Nx 
On moift heaths and commons, in wet meadows, marfhes, and the boggy parts of woods, the Carduus pa- 
luftris is a very common, as well as a very troublefome plant ; in the latter fituation it frequently grows to the 
height of ten or twelve feet, and in fome very favourable fpots of this fort, acquires a height which we believe 
no other Briti/h herbaceous plant ever attains to. 
As it is a biennial, there is no great difficulty attends its extirpation—was the hufbandman as careful to 
weed the noxious plants from his paftures as from his corn-fields, they would foon wear a more pleafing afpe&t. 
As it is never found but in the fituations above mentioned, it is not likely to be miflaken for any other 
Thiftle ; it has ufually more purple about it than the reft of its kindred, and varies as many of the others do 
with white flowers—formidable as its flalks and leaves are from their numerous fpines, its heads are per- 
fe&ly harmlefs. 
