ACHILLEAMILLEFOLIUM. COMMONYARROW,or MILFOIL. 
Linn. Gen. PL SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Ly, 
Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Ca/. ovatus, imbricatus. Flofeulz 
radii circiter quinque. 
Ran Sym.Gen.8. HirB& FLORE COMPOSITO, DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTI- | 
TUTIS, CORYMBIFERJ£ DICTA, 
ACHILLEA, M//efo/rum folus biptnnatis, nudis ; laciniis linearibus, dentatis ; caulibus fuperne fulcatis. 
Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 778. Sp. Pl. p. 1267. 
ACHILLEA folis pinnatis, pinnis longe zqualibus, pinnatis, pinnulis trifidis et quinquefidis. Ha//. 
Fit. 107. Scop. PL Carn. 1095. 
MILLEFOLIUM vulgare. Baub. Pin. 140. Park. 699. terreflre vulgare. Ger. em. 1072. vul- 
gare. Rai Syn. 183. Common Yarrow, or Milfoil. Hud/on F7. Angl. ed. 2. p. 374. 

RADIX perennis, repens, teres, fibrillofa, cinereo 
albida. 
CAULIS pedalis et ultra, ereCtus, teretiufculus, fub- 
angulatus, inferne glaber, tomento tenui 
araneofo veliitus, fuperne fulcatus, lanugi- 
nofus, ramofus. 
FOLIA alterna, lineari-lanceolata, radicalia petiolata, 
petiolis canalicularibus, caulina feffilia, fub- 
amplexanta, fupra glabra, fubtus villofula, 
pinnata, pinnis oppofitis, fubovatis, multi- 
fidis, acutiufculis, obliquis. 
ROOT perennial, creeping, round, furnifhed with 
numerous fibres, of a whitifh afh-colour. 
STALK a foot high or more, upright, nearly round, 
[lightly angular, below {mooth, covered with 
a {light cobwebby down, above grooved, 
woolly, and branched. 
LEAVES alternate, betwixt linear and lanceolate, the 
radical ones ftanding on foot-ftalks, the foot- 
ftalks hollowed above, thofe of the flalk 
feffile, fomewhat embracing the ftalk, above 
{mooth, beneath a little villous, pinnated, the 
pinne oppofite, fomewhat ovate, multifid, 
lomewhat pointed and oblique. 
FLOWERS whiüfh, terminating in a woolly, clofe 
corymbus. 
BRACTE./E linear, entire and pinnatifid, fmallifh, 
placed at the radii, and peduncles of the 
corymbus. 3 
CALYX common to all the florets ovate, downy, 
clofely imbricated with .ovate, concave, 
bluntifh fcales, having a white, membranous 
edge, tipt with a brown fringe, the midrib 
green. 
COROLLA compound, radiated, FLoretrs of the 
difk hermaphrodite, about twelve, funnel- 
fhaped, the length of the calyx, ;zZe dirty 
yellow, the limb quinquefid, the fegments 
ovate, pointed, rolled back, rather tranfpa- 
rent and whiüfh, f. 1. 
FLORETS of the radius female, ufually five, flat, 
fpreading, fomewhat round, bluntly three- 
toothed or faintly trifid, the middle fegment 
fhorter than the reft, the tube cylindrical, 
greenifh, ftriated, flightly downy, the length 
of the calyx, f. 2. 
STAMINA in the Hermaphrodite flowers: five, capil- 
lary, fhort Finamentrs; ANTHER# form- 
ing a yellow, tubulous cylinder, jg. 3. 
PISTILLUM im the Hermaphrodite and Female flowers, 
Germen oblong, a little flattened, fome- 
what four-cornered, fmooth, whitifh; Srvrg 
very flender, longer than the ftamina; Sric- 
MATA two, linear, truncated, a-little re- 
flexed, pellucid, jig. 4. 
- 
RU E EC CR OEC RE 
 FLORES in corymbo terminali, lanuginofo congefti, 
albidt " . 
BRACTEJ/E lineares, integre, et pinnatifide, par- 
viufcule, ad radios pedunculofque corymbi. 
AGE te ae at E ELE 
Macally 
dene Ae 
a 
as 
CALYX communis ovatus, pubefcens, ar&te imbrica- 
tus, Íquamis ovatis, concavis, obtufiufculis, 
albo; membranaceis, apice fufco ciliatis-ner- 
vo dorfali viridi. 
Cs 
vr, 
COROLLA compofita, radiata; Corol/ule difci her- 
maphrodite, circiter duodecim, infundibuli- 
formes, calycis longitudine, sudo fordide 
lutefcente, //n£o quinquefido, laciniis ovatis, 
acutis, revolutis, fubdiaphanis, albidis, fig. 1. 
ph He pe ae ih AT ELE ae he ge AL ELE 
rai 
COROLLUL radi feminex, plerumque quinque, 
planz, patentes, fuborbiculares, obtufe tri- 
dentate, feu obfolete trifide, laciaula inter- 
media breviore, tubo cylindrico, viridef- 
cente, flriato, fubpubefcente, calycis longi- 
tudine, fig. 2. 
STAMINA Hermapbroditis:  FiuAMENTA quinque, 
capillaria, brevia; ANTHERA cylindracea, 
tubulofa, lutea, fig. 3. 
PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis et Femineis: GERMEN 
oblongum, compreffiufculum, fubtetrago- 
num, glabrum, albidum; Srvrvs capillaris, 
ftaminibus longior; Srigmara duo, line- 
aria, truncata, reflexo-patula, hyalina, ffe. 4. 
ee 
Ae Ve tie wie ake ae ae ae ERE ade e ee as e ee ate e oe Ue de te Te ae ae 
The Yarrow is a plant extremely common with us in dry paftures, on ditch-banks, and by road-fides: it 
flowers from July to September, its bloffoms are ufually white, but are frequently found of different {hades 
from a pale to a deep red, the moft brilliant of which are cultivated in our gardens for ornament. 
Though the Yarrow conftitutes a very large part of the pafturage of this kingdom, our agriculturifts are not 
agreed whether to confider it as a plant to be cultivated, or extirpated, 
According to Linnevs’s experiments, it was eaten by fheep, horfes, and fwine; kine and goats fometimes eat, 
fometimes rejected it; if we are to be influenced by the predileétion which moft of thefe animals have fhewn for 
it, and are fatisfied with the mode in which the experiments were conducted, we fhould confider it worthy of 
cultivation. Mr. ANDERSON, who in general is too precipitate in his encomiums on new plants, {peaks very 
highly in its favour; he obferves, that though cattle do hot eat its flowering ftems, which remain, and give the 
patture a difagreeable appearance, they are very fond of its foliage, which as it forms a clofe pile, or as fome 
exprels it, a good bottom, makes it one of the molt defirable eralles (fpeaking in the language of hufbandry) 
the Farmer can fow his land with; but he concludes this plant feems to be altogether unfit for hay, and there- 
fore ought only to be fown where the field is intended for pafturage. 
The leaves and flowers of Milfoil are greatly recommended by fome of the German Phyficians, as mild 
corroborants, vulneraries, antifpafmodics, in diarrhoeas, hemorrhages, hypochondriacal, and other difeafes. 
They promife by their fenfible qualities to be of no inconfiderable aétivity. They have an agreeable, though 
weak, aromatic fmell, and a bitterifh, roughifh, fomewhat pungent tafle. The leaves are chiefly directed for 
medicinal ufe, as having the greateft bitterifhnefs and aufterity: the flowers have the flrongeft and moft fubtle 
imell, are remarkably acrid, and promife to be of moft efficacy, if the plant has really any fuch efficacy as an 
anodyne or antifpafmodic. 
The virtue of the leaves and flowers is extra&ted both by watery and fpirituous menftrua, the aftringency moft 
periectly by the former, their aromatic warmth and pungency by the latter, and both of them equally by a 
mixture of the two, ‘The flowers diftilled with water yield a penetrating effential oil, poffeffing the flavour of 
the Miltoil in perfeétion, though rather lefs agreeable than the flowers themfelves, in confiftence fomewhat 
thick, and tenacious, in colour remarkably variable, fometimes of a greenifh yellow, fometimes of a deep 
green, fometimes of a bluifh green, and fometimes of a fine blue: thele differences feem to depend in great 
mealure on the foil in which the plant is produced. Lewzs’s Mat. Med. p. 424. 
in fome parts of Sweden they put it to beer in a fermenting ftate to produce inebriation. Linn. F7. Suec. 
