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90 Plants in New Hampshire and Vermont. [February, 
Massachusetts. Here, black spruce (Abies nigra), white spruce 
(A. alba), and arbor vite (Thuja oécidentalis), take the place of 
the oaks, hickories, and pitch pines of this river further south. 
These, together with the beech (Fagus ferruginea), sugar-maple 
(Acer saccharinum), the canoe and yellow birch (Betula papy- 
racea and B. lutea), constitute the greater part of the forest and 
present a good type of the Canadian wilderness. 
Here, also, Labrador tea (Ledum latifolium) and the Canada 
blue-berry are the representatives of the multitude of ericaceous 
shrubs found further south. ~The high cranberry tree ( Vibur- 
num Opulus) may be found throughout the valley, but in this 
region it finds its proper home, occurring in abundance along 
the streams. With it is the hoary willow (Salix candida), 
which, as it is common throughout Northern New Hampshire 
and Vermont, and extends into Maine, may be considered as a 
strictly Canadian species. 
Two or three species of Glyceria, blue-joint grass ( Calama- 
grostis Canadensis), timothy (Phleum pratense), and redtop 
(Agrostis vulgaris), represent the greater part of the grass family 
(Graminee) belonging to this region. The ponds and slow 
streams are more likely to contain the variety pumilum of the 
yellow water-lily (Nuphar advena) than the typical form. 
Going southward, we find that the white spruce (Abies alba) 
disappears from the New Hampshire side of the river at North 
Stratford ; but, singularly enough, it is still found along the Ver- 
mont side as far as to the mouth of the Passumpsie River. 
At Dalton, N. H., near the head of Fifteen Miles Falls, the . 
hoary willow (Salix candida) disappears. The purple meadow- 
rue, which seems to have a truly Canadian habitat, continues 
common throughout the length of this long rapid, and is last seen 
at the Nine Islands near the mouth of the Passumpsic. 
The Canadian character of the flora predominates nearly to the 
foot of these falls, or to within six hundred feet of the sea-level. 
Here are to be found maiden-hair (Adiantum pedatum), Orchis 
spectablis, sweet-fern ( Comptonia asplenifolia), frost grape ( Vitis 
cordifolia), and sheep-laurel (Kalmia angustifolia), forming the 
first group of strictly Alleghanian species. 
As these plants are found in other parts of New Hampshire to 
have this altitude above the sea at their northern limit, the con- 
tour line of six hundred feet can be taken for our purpose, as the 
dividing line between the two districts. 
But there is no disappearance of Canadian species until we 
