94 Plants in New Hampshire and Vermont. [February, 
and Quercus ilicifolia have their northern limit at Boscawen, 
shell-bark hickory and huckleberry at the mouth of Winni- 
pesaukee River, while buttonwood (Platanus occidentalis) is 
found along the banks of the Pemigewasset, nearly to Plymouth. 
Mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) extends north to Concord, 
and Asclepias tuberosa to Thornton’s Ferry. 
From Concord to Nashua, we find near the river the following 
species, which appear to be ‘wanting in that part of the Connecti- 
cut Valley belonging to New Hampshire. Commencing at Con- 
cord we find red ash (Fraxinus pubescens), Clethra alnifolia; 
Scirpus sylvatica, and S. microcarpa. The sand hills at Hook- 
sett are sprinkled with bird’s-foot violet ( Viola pedata). The 
plains opposite Amoskeag Falls support a dwarf oak ( Quercus 
prinus, var. humilis), which continues to be abundant, forming 
along with Quercus ilicifolia the shrub-oak thickets so common 
to these sand plains. Here, also, the bear-berry (Arctostaphylos 
Uva-ursi), generally supposed to be a highland species, occurs in 
greater abundance than elsewhere in the State. 
Some of the swamps in this vicinity are filled with Cupressus 
thyoides, the white cedar of all the coast towns of Massachusetts. 
Another tree common to the borders of these cedar swamps in 
the same localities, the swamp white oak ( Quercus bicolor), ap- 
pears at the mouth of the Souhegan River, and Salix tristis is the 
common willow of the dry plains in this vicinity. Near Nashua 
we have Aster patens, blazing star (Liatris scariosa), sea sand- 
reed ( Calamagrostis arenaria), prickly ash (Zanthoxylum Amer- 
tcanum), and in the adjoining town of Hudson the climbing fern 
(Lygodium palmatum). Struthiopteris Germanica, the ostrich 
fern, seems to be properly a Canadian species, not occurring 
south of Concord in this valley. ) 
We find the water-shed between the Merrimack and Connecti- 
cut to have a predominant Canadian flora as far south as the lat- 
itude of Bellows Falls. Below this point the Alleghanian plants 
have found the temperature such as to allow them to attain to 
higher elevations, and to mingle with the northern types, and 
the strictly Canadian forest is limited to the cold swamps and 
summits of the highest hills. 
From the data which I have been able to collect concerning 
Vermont, it appears that the greater portion of the State is occu- 
pied by the Canadian flora, and that the area occupied by white 
and black spruce and arbor vite is considerably greater than that 
occupied by the same trees in New Hampshire ; the Alleghanian 
