1877.] The Suessonian Fauna in North America. 95 
area, aside from that of the Connecticut Valley, being included 
in a narrow belt extending the entire length of the State west of 
the Green Mountains. Throughout its extent white oak, bitter 
hickory, pitch and red pine, sweet-fern and frost grape are com- 
mon, mingling at the northern end of Lake Champlain with the 
Canadian arbor vitæ and white spruce. The chestnut, button- 
wood and mountain laurel probably do not exist much north of 
Burlington. . 
The following species which are to be met with in New York 
and further westward do not appear to be found east of the 
Connecticut Valley, and most of them are confined to the imme- 
diate vicinity of the river: Carya amara, Celtis occidentalis, 
Populus monilifera, Salix longifolia, and Salix livida, var. occi- 
dentalis ; the last one of these having the widest distribution 
being found throughout the entire valley, but apparently not 
passing over the water-shed into the Merrimack district. The 
hairy-leaved white violet ( Viola renifolia, Gray ; n. sp.) is to be 
met with between the mouth of the Passumpsic and Plainfield, 
N H. 
The following may be called rare, having but a single locality 
for each: Lobelia Kalmii, ledges at the foot of Fifteen Miles 
Falls ; Cypripedium pubescens, at Hanover ; Arabis Drummondii, 
on an island in the river just south of White River Junction ; 
m Astragalus Robbinsii, rocks at Quechee Falls, Plainfield, 
THE SUESSONIAN FAUNA IN NORTH AMERICA. 
BY PROF. E. D. COPE. 
r a paper read before the National Academy of Sciences at the 
spring session of 1876 in Washington, the writer announced 
the identification of the Wahsatch Eocene formation of New 
Mexico with the Suessonian or Lower Eocene of France and 
England. The beds, which were explored while connected with 
the United States Geographical and Geological Survey, west of 
the one hundredth meridian, in charge of Lieut. G. M. Wheeler, 
in 1874, were found to contain the remains of a fauna, almost 
identical with that of the European beds in question. This was 
thought to be an important accession to American geology, as 
furnishing a basis for an estimation of the relative ages of the 
ormations immediately above and below the Wahsateh horizon. 
The parallelism of the fauna includes the genera of reptiles, birds, 
