106 Barnaceles. [ February, 
they are attached), breaking it down if it be calcareous. One 
curious feature of both orders remains to be noticed, namely, two 
glands in the peduncle which secrete a cement by which the ani- 
mals attach themselves. 
We have said above that the barnacles are generally hermaph- 
rodites. In the case, however, of the genera Jbla and Scalpel- 
lum, this is not strictly the case. In the species of 
these genera occur specimens of the normal her- 
maphroditic form, and also females in which the 
penis and testes are wanting; next we have curious 
male forms. Certain of these (complemental males 
they are called) are parasitic upon the herma- 
phrodites while others are attached to the female 
individuals. In both cases they live just within the — (y¢.6,) 
valves and are attached either to the valves or the IBLA, MALE 
membranes of the body. ‘These males are imper- ne 
fectly developed, in some cases 
without mouth or alimentary 
canal, in others there is a long 
and flexible peduncle, and in 
still others it is not differen- 
tiated ; the male genital organs 
"are developed, but with the 
penis short or wanting. (Fig- 
ure 6, male of Jbla Cumingtt, 
from Darwin). This great 
difference between the sexes 
has its analogues in the Ce- 
phalopoda, where the males of 
certain species were first de- 
scribed as parasitic worms, 
and in the Lernean Copepoda, 
which are closely allied to the 
Cirripedia. 
Recent investigators have 
shown that close fertilization 
is the exception, not the rule, 
among plants. and here seems 
to be a case in the animal 
Fa. /T.), SCALPELLUM REGIUM. (From W. 
, n.) i kingdom, where nature plainly 
a, Malos edged with the valves. shows her preference for cross- 
fertilization. In those genera which are strictly hermaphroditic, 
i 
