1877. ] Recent Literature. 111 
Asteroids (star-fish) and Crinoids, which will, if we mistake not, be found 
of much use to paleontologists. Especial attention is devoted to certain 
organs called Spherides, grouped around the mouth of sea-urchins, for 
the discovery of which naturalists are indebted to Professor Lovén. 
But to our mind the most interesting portion of the work is the ex- 
quisite drawings illustrating the anatomy and distribution of the nervous 
system and the water system of vessels. We have here for the first 
time, clearly shown, the more intimate relations of these organs. 
The plates are abundant and beautifully executed, the lithographs 
rivaling in clearness and delicacy the best steel engravings. 
Macatister’s ANIMAL MorrHOLOGY.! — Though this book was 
written in 1873, it is still the most recent manual of animal morphology 
in the English language, and will be found by advanced teachers to be 
very useful. The system of classification is that of Haeckel as modified 
by Huxley, and is based on recent embryological studies. The sponges 
are regarded as belonging to a distinct subkingdom, Polystomata of Hux- 
ley. The Labyrinthulee of Cienkowsky are admitted as a class of Pro- 
tozoa. ‘The Mollusca are regarded by the author, and we think correctly, 
as “only an extreme of specialization ” of Vermes; in another place (page 
241), “ Their structure can be easily understood by regarding them as 
Vermes with no articulated appendages, modified by unequal lateral 
development, and by a fusion of metameres.” For convenience they 
are regarded as a subkingdom. The Tunicates are placed among the 
Vermes in accordance with Gegenbaur’s classification. The Polyzoa are 
placed among the Vermes, while rather inconsistently (probably because 
Gegenbaur first did so) the Brachiopoda are retained among the Mol- 
usca. The volume ends with the Insects; a second volume, containing 
the Vertebrates, has just been issued from the press. Had we space to 
be critical we should feel inclined to find some fault with the author's 
classification of the Arthropoda, which he does not, however, claim to k 
original. 
Receyt Books AND PAMPHLETS. — Report on the Transportation Route along 
the Wisconsin and Fox Rivers, in the State of Wisconsin, between the Mississippi 
River and Lake Michigan. By Gen. G. K. Warren. Washington. 1876. 8vo, pp 
114. With Ten Maps. 
The Grotto Geyser of the Yellowstone National Park. With a Descriptive Note 
and Map, and an Illustration by the Albert-type Process. (U. S. Geological and Geo- 
graphical Survey of the Territories, F. V. Hayden, U. S. Geologist-in-Charge.) Wash- 
tngton, D. C. Folio 
olio, 
The History ọf Spontaneous Generation. By Edward S. Dunster, M. D. (From 
seston of the Ann Arbor Scientific Association. Vol. i. 1871.) Ann Arbor, 
ia 
» pD. 30. 
_ Uber Dimorphismus und Variation einiger Schmetterlinge Nord Amerikas. Brief- 
liche Mittheilung von J. Boll in Texas. 7 p- 3 
1 An Introduction to Animal Morphology and Systematic Zodlogy. By ALEXANDER 
Macatisrer, Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Zodlogy, University of Dublin. 
P art I. Invertebrata, London: Longmans, Green, & Co. 1876. 12mo, pp. 461 
With a few Cuts. 
