222 On the Peopling of America. [ April, 
indigenous American people who have been pushed northwards 
by the intrusive Indian tribes.” A note of mine in objection 
to the idea that paleolithic man in North America is an “ autoch- 
thon” will be found in The American Naturalist for July, 1876, 
p. 432. 
It will be seen that, independently of each other and from dif- 
ferent stand-points, the fact that we have in the Eskimo a sur- 
vival of paleolithic man in North America has been arrived at 
by Dr. Abbott and, previously, by myself. The subsequent dis- 
covery by Professor Dana! of remains of the reindeer in glacial 
deposits in the valley of the Connecticut, and the determination 
of the beds in which the rough stone implements were found as 
ancient moraines, help to assign a geological age to the presence of 
man in North America, as well as to give a picture of his sur- 
roundings. I have endeavored to carry out the original idea which 
I entertained, that glacial man would be found to have suffered 
an equal fate with the fauna of the Ice period, by a study of 
migrations. 
In a lecture delivered in the course of the Buffalo Society of 
Natural Sciences? January 6, 1877, I published the conclusions 
arrived at, already briefly sketched in my note in The American 
Naturalist for July of the preceding year. I proposed to distin- 
guish: * A primitive migration, one influenced solely by phys- 
ical causes affecting man’s existence, and which must have been 
in more extensive operation in early times when he was unpro- 
vided with means of his own invention against unfriendly changes 
in his surroundings. Such migrations, or a modified survival of 
them, are operative now among our Indians, who move from 
place to place with the game upon which they subsist and with 
the season. A culture migration, one arising out of a certain 
stage of intellectual advancement when the movements of my 
are determined by ultimate and not immediate considerations. 
The movements of the Indo-European races fall within this cate- 
gory. Besides these is to be distinguished an accidental migra- 
tion, which man has submitted to against his will. The ac 
cidental migrations of man may be considered as belonging ne 
the epochs of culture migration, since they must more usua y 
have occurred with races advanced in the art of navigation. > 
separation of individuals from communities under the pressure a 
storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc., may have happened, 
however, in the earliest times.” 
1 Am. Jour. Sci. Arts, 353, November, 1875. 
2 Buffalo Courier, January 7, 1877. 
