226 The Polar Colonization Plan. [ April, 
however complex it is and at whatsoever cost to us the knowledge 
of it is to be attained, before we can grasp the true picture of 
the succession of events which have resulted in man as we now 
find him on the different lands of the globe. With the thinking 
minds of our race, the question of the origin of man is the ques- 
tion of the century. 
The hypotheses as to the manner in which the early peoplings 
of America were effected, developed in the present and previous 
papers of mine, are as follows: — i 
(1.) That during the Tertiary period man had spread from 
Equatorial lands on the eastern hemisphere to Northern Asia, 
and had then crossed into America from the North. 
(2.) That in at least as early as Pliocene time man had mi- 
grated down the high lands adjacent to the mountainous back- 
bone running along the western side of the two Americas. 
(3.) That the Ice-period produced a race modification of the 
man living in the extreme north, and that the advance of the ice 
prevented further communication between the Old and the New 
Worlds until comparatively recent times. : 
(4.) That this race accompanied the great glacier on its ad- 
vance and retirement over North American territory, and that the 
existing representatives of this race are the Eskimos. 
——— 
THE POLAR COLONIZATION PLAN. 
BY CAPT. H. W. HOWGATE, U. 8. N. 
"DHE expeditions of Captain Hall in the Polaris, in 1871, and of 
Captain Nares in the Alert and Discovery, in 1875, have 
shown that by the use of steam it is a comparatively easy matter 
to reach the entrance to Robeson’s Channel in latitude 81° 
north, and that the serious difficulties to be overcome in reach- 
ing the Pole lie beyond that point. Parties from the two expe 
ditions have made fair sutveys one hundred and forty miles 
north of this, leaving only about four hundred miles of unex- 
plored region between that and the goal of modern geographers, 
— the Pole. l 
When Captain Hall reached the upper extremity of Robeson $ 
Channel the lookout of the Polaris reported open water in sight 
and just beyond the pack which surrounded the vessel and pre- 
vented further progress. This open water was afterwards seen 
from the cape at the northern opening of Newman’s Bay, 
ao 
