1877.] Stone Implements and Ornaments. 269 
these instruments. One opening of the orifice is small, while the 
other is larger and funnel-shaped, revealing concentric rings, 
showing that the tool with which they had been bored ta- gz 
pered gradually to a point. On account of the delicate \Ų 
nature of these, it is seldom that a perfect one can be 
found, but Figure 56 represents an unusually delicate spec- 
imen picked up on the Rio de Chelly. It is shaped like 
a horseshoe nail and chipped from a perfectly white stone. 
Stone, mortars are rare in a state of entirety, yet we 
found many fragments scattered over the plains and 
through the cafions. The prevailing material seems to have 
been sandstone ; pestles are very rarely seen. However, in the 
Moqui village, I observed several stone mortars, some eight or ten 
inches in diameter, with their accompanying pestles, which had 
been placed on the house tops, and I was told that they had not 
been in use for many years, having descended with many old 
stone implements from the forefathers of the tribe. 
One of the most common objects to be found in and about the 
crumbling buildings is the millstone, or metate, and with it the 
corn grinder. Lieutenant Emory says of the ancient remains 
along the Gila River: “ The implement for grinding corn and 
the broken pottery were the only vestiges of the mechanical arts 
which we saw amongst the ruins, with the exception.of a few 
ornaments, principally immense well-turned beads, the size of a 
hen’s egg.” A good specimen of a grinder may be seen in Figure 
4, Plate I.: it is made of black as 
cellular basalt, found near Ojo 
Caliente, N. M. 
The great numbers of pieces 
of perforated pottery and small 
stones were used in two ways: 
Some were intended for or- 
hamenting the person, while 
others were doubtless used for 
drawing out sinew for bow- 
strings and thread. 
t Other implements were 
discovered whose uses have not - 
been determined, such as Fig- f 
ure 57. I picked up several) 
Polished stones of a pink color, ` 
ground down flat on each side. 
These were a couple of inches 
(Fie. 56.) 
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(Fia 57.) STONE IMPLEMENT WITH SHARP 
EDGE. ; 
