272 Stone Implements and Ornaments. [ May, 
shells from which they were fashioned, from the Pacific coast. 
We know that these ruins extend as far west as the junction of 
the San Juan and Colorado rivers, so that communication between 
the tribe in question and others situated along the Pacific Ocean 
or Gulf of California was rendered easy. Don Jose Cortez, 
writing of the tribes near the Colorado, in 1799, speaks of * the 
white beads they get on the shores of the Gulf of California.” 
Of the second class of bead ornaments, many are found among 
the heaps of ancient pottery which surround the majority of the 
old ruined buildings. A small piece of pottery, generally of the 
best glazed and painted ware, is selected, and the edges ground 
down into a circular or rectangular form varying in size from a 
third of an inch to two inches in diameter, or from a half inch to 
an inch and a half in length. The circular specimens have per- 
forations in the centre, while the square or rectangular varieties 
have holes near one end.- These latter may be classed with No. 
IV. Some forms of No. II. may be seen in Figure 59.1 
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(Fia. 69.) ANCIENT INDIAN POTTERY. (Natural Size.) 
The third division is represented by but a single specimen, 
which was picked up during the month of August, 1875, in the 
Cañon of the Montezuma, in Utah. It is simply a piece of tur- 
quoise flattened and polished on both sides, and is undoubtedly 
half of a small plate or bead, as is demonstrated by the orifice, 
at which place it has been divided. The hole was evidently bored 
by a stone rimmer, as the opening on the upper surface is much 
greater in diameter than that on the under. This interesting relic 
measures about a third of an inch across its greatest diameter. 
Turquoises, the “ chalchihuitls ” of the Aztecs, were obtained from ~ 
the Los Cerillos Mountains, in New Mexico, southeast of Santa 
Fé. Here is a quarry which was worked before the arrival of the 
1 The largest of these may have been designed for spindle whorls. 
