274 Stone Implements and Ornaments. [ May, 
Spaniards in the country, and it was here, undoubtedly, that the 
ancient ‘‘cliff-dwellers” obtained their turquoise. Here, prob- 
ably, their descendants, the Moquis, Pueblos, and Zuiiis, procured 
the turquoises mentioned by the Reverend Father Friar Marco de 
Niça in 1539, and by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in his 
account of his visit to these people in 1540. Marco de Niga 
wrote: “ They have emeralds! and other jewels, although they 
esteem none so much as turquoises, wherewith they adorn the 
walls of the porches of their houses and their apparel and ves- 
sels, and they use them instead of money through all the coun- 
try, 
The fourth and last class of bead ornaments consists of all 
those trinkets made usually of stone or silicified wood, but occa- 
sionally of pieces of pottery which were employed in decorating 
ear-rings or necklaces. These are usually flat, neatly polished, 
rectangular pieces, with the aperture in one end. They vary 
from half an inch to two inches in length, the width being usu- 
ally about two thirds of the length, and from one sixteenth to 
one eighth of an inch in thickness. The form graduates from 
the rectangular to the elliptical, as the corners are more or less 
rounded. Figures 6 and 6a, Plate I., represent two of these or- 
naments, an inch and a quarter in length. These were suspended 
either from circular ear-drops, made mostly of shells, or from the 
front centre of necklaces, and in some cases may have been worn 
at the nose. Some such ornaments as these are still employed 
among the Yampais, Pimas, Mojaves, Moquis, Pueblos, and Zuiiis 
of Arizona and New Mexico. This style of perforated ornament 
was the commonest, and the specimens are the most abundant of 
all the varieties which may be classed among the bead work of the 
ancient people of the West. They include all such objects as 
pendants, * gorgets,” ear-drops, and nose ornaments, usually 
made from silicified wood, though occasionally from a white, fine- 
grained limestone. 
The shell ear-rings were manufactured with much labor, and 
used by the same people. One single fragmentary specimen was 
discovered by the party, but it is sufficient to show its use, and 
was probably a representative of an ordinary form. (See Fig- 
ure 60.) The circlet was cut from a whorl of a marine shell, most 
likely the Murex. As shown by the are of the circumference of 
the specimen, itwas originally about one and five eighths inches 
in its outer diameter. To such attachments as this the pendants 
1 Chrysolite, probably. 
