1877.] Geography and Exploration. 318 
it necessitates the establishment of a special subclass for its reception, 
of equal rank with the groups Gyrencephala and Lyencephala. This 
was called the Protencephala, with the following definition: cerebral 
hemispheres smooth, small, leaving not only the cerebellum but the mid- 
dle brain exposed behind, and contracting into the very large olfactory 
lobes in front. Cerebellum very small and flat; middle brain large. 
This character is sustained by that of the ankle joint, which, existing in 
two such distinct divisions as the Amblypoda and Creodonta, may be 
found to characterize the entire subclass, but this is not yet certain; it is 
as follows: tibio-astragalar articulation flat and without groove or seg- 
ment of pulley. 
This subclass stands below the Lyencephala in its position, approximat- 
ing the reptiles in the points above-mentioned more nearly than the latter 
do. It includes two orders: one ungulate, the Amblypoda; the other ungui- 
culate, the Bunotheria. To the former belong the suborders Pantodonta 
and Dinocerata ; to the latter the Creodonta and probably the Tillo- 
donta and Teniodonta, Whether the Mesodonta belong to it is not cer- 
tainly ascertained, while the Jnsectivora do not belong to it, as they are 
rightly placed in the subclass Lissencephala. 
GEOGRAPHY AND EXPLORATION. 
FARTHER News FROM STANLEY. — Three letters written in August, 
1876, have been received from Stanley. At that time he had reached 
his old quarters at Ujiji. He had circumnavigated Lake Tangan- 
yika, which is about as large as Lake Michigan. He has apparently 
added little to what Cameron discovered. He describes a section of the 
Lukuga River, about eight miles in length, in order to prove that Cap- 
tain Cameron was incorrect in regarding it as the outlet of Lake 
Tanganyika, though such, adds Stanley, it is destined to become. He 
explored Lukuga to a point three miles beyond that reached by Cam- 
eron, discovered that the outward current gradually ceased, and that the 
river-bed finally changed into a marsh thickly covered with papyrus. 
Following the borders of this marsh for two miles further, he again 
reached a stream, the waters of which flowed distinctly westward, passing 
by an abrupt gorge through a mountain range one thousand two hun- 
dred feet high. It is called the Luindi, and is a tributary of the-Lualaba 
of Livingstone. Mr. Stanley asserts that the level of Tanganyika Lake _ 
is rising so rapidly that in a few years the waters of the Lukuga and the — 
Luindi will unite, the intervening marsh disappear, and a permanent 
outlet thus be created. i 
Tue ToroerarnicaL Survey or New Yorx. — The governor of 7 
New York having opposed the passage of a bill in the legislature of that 
' State making appropriations for continuing the state geographical survey, 
begun so well by Mr. James T. Gardner, resolutions urging the pas- 
sage of the bill have been sent in by the leading universities and colleges 
