430 _ Recent Literature. [ July, 
mentary canal of the imago during the post-embryonal development 
induce us, first of all, to reflect on the question, What transformation 
does the entoderm of insects which undergo the so-called complete meta- 
morphosis pass through from the very beginning of the life of such in- 
sects? For the solution of the question how many times the entoderm 
of such insects is changed, science unfortunately does not as yet possess 
sufficient data concerning the ps teen of the entoderm during their 
embryonal development. 
“If the supposition of some investigators, who look upon the shda 
inal depression very early visible in the blastoderm of Hydrophilus, 
Apis, etc., as a stomach (gastrula), proves to be correct, and if, secondly, 
my observations are verified, that, notwithstanding the presence of this 
provisional entoderm (gastrula), the final epithelium of the median intes- 
tine of the embryo may develop anew with the help of the epithelium 
of the anterior and posterior intestine, then we will be able to affirm 
with assurance that the imago of insects with a complete metamor- 
phosis has a tertiary entoderm. On the contrary, if it become estab- 
lished as a scientific fact, that the stomach (gastrula) of insects is trans- 
formed directly into the entoderm of the median intestine of the larval 
embryo, then the entoderm of the imago of the above-indicated insects 
uld be called secondary. There is a considerable array of facts in 
favor of both of these suppositions, but in order to obtain a final solution 
of this important morphological question, we must wait for more numer- 
ous observations on the sake apse oe of the entoderm during the em- 
bryonal and post-embryonal perio 
“ As to the anterior and Peen intestine, it seems very probable that 
these portions of the alimentary canal of the imago of insects whic 
have a complete metamorphosis are secondary formations.” 
Recent Booxs anD Pampuiets.—On the Fishes of Northern Indiana. By 
D. S. Jordan. On the Genera of North American Fresh-Water Fishes. By David 
S. Jordan and Charles S. Gilbert. (From Proceedings of the Academy of Natural 
paver Philadelphia.) 8vo, pp. 104. 
e Wanderhenschercke (CEdipoda migratoria Linn). Gemeinverstindliche Dar- 
Ai ihrer a a ne Lebensweise, Schädlichkeit, und der Mittel zu ihrer 
Vertilgung. Von Dr. A. Gerstäcker. Berlin. 1876. Svo, pp. 67. Two colored 
lates. 
. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of America North of ae Part I. Diurnals. 
By William H. Edwards. einen rie: Pa. 1877. 8vo, pp. 6 
Antigeny, or Sexual Dimorphism in Butterflies. (From ie ‘Proceedings of the 
American Academy of Arts and Seteacee, xii. 1877.) 8vọ, pp. 8. 
Bulletin of the United States Entomological Commission. No.2. On the Natu- 
ral History of the Rocky Mountain becca and on the Habits of the Young or Uñ- 
1 Paul Mayer, in his Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Insects, speaks of the gastrula- 
stomach of the embryo of Platygaster, without noticing that this stomach is simply 4 
fold of the body of the embryo, separating its cephalic and caudal haloes. The omr. 
 bryo of Platygaster is a highly convenient object for observation, and I can say with 
assurance that in this case the primary entoderm is not formed through the invagina 
erm. 
