1877.] Geology and Paleontology. 569 
observations fully supplement and corroborate the writer’s? statements 
made ten years ago in a paper which Mr. Hind has evidently overlooked. 
Mr. Hind personally traced this action of shore ice to an altitude of six 
hundred feet above the ocean, — we had at a rough estimate put the height 
of these rock terraces at five hundred feet above the sea, — and concluded 
that the action of the shore ice reached the height of one thousand feet 
(p. 222), a conclusion independently formed by Mr. Hind (Can. Nat., p. 
231), as he remarks that “ erratics and local rounded fragments of rock are 
not numerous until a height exceeding one thousand feet is attained, and 
even then, except perhaps in hollows, which I had no opportunity of ex- 
amining, bowlders and perched rocks are very’ much less numerous than 
at greater elevations in the far interior, where I saw them in count- 
less multitudes in 1861.” We differ, however, from Mr. Hind in consider- 
ing that this work of abrasion is performed rather in the autumn, winter, 
and especially in the spring when the ice is breaking up, and is due 
almost exclusively to ice formed on the shore rather than in part by floe 
ice which comes down from the north after June. 
In Tooktoosner Bay, Mr. Hind saw, “ in a secluded and protected hol-. 
low, well-marked and deeply cut grooves. They occupied a shallow and 
cup-shaped basin, but all surrounding surfaces were smoothly polished, 
pan-ice having removed every trace of groove or striæ.” Professor 
Hind concludes that no ice-foot is formed on the Labrador coast or in 
Greenland, but we should be disposed to question the validity of this 
conclusion, as we are inclined to ascribe the wearing and polishing of 
the rocks rather to ice formed on the coast than to foreign ice floating 
past the shore in summer. Professor Hind’s conclusion we present in 
the author’s own language : — 
“ It has been shown by Dr. Petermann and others that the difference 
between the coastal climate of Greenland and the Labrador is very 
great. The southwestern coast of Greenland is much milder than that 
of the Labrador in the same parallels.? A surface sheet of warm water, 
floating from south to north, is determined on to the coast of Western 
Greenland by the rotation of the earth. A cold arctic current laden 
with ice from Davis and Hudson straits flows from north to south 
and is determined on to the Labrador coast by the rotation of the earth. 
Hence the sea on the Labrador coast is cooled sometimes in November 
and early in December to 29°, and even 28°, and the lolly of the 
sealers, or ice spiculæ, or anchor ice, forms rapidly during the first cold 
snap in November, along the entire coast line; and before Christmas, all 
the coastal waters within the zone of islands are frozen in one solid sheet, 
80 that no ice-foot is formed on the Labrador like the ice-foot on the 
Greenland shores, In brief, it may be said that the stupendous work of 
* Glacial Phenomena of Labrador and Maine. Memoir of the Boston Society of 
Natural History, vol. i., 1867, pp. 225, 228. By A. S. Packard, Jr. 
Vide a paper entitled Further Enquiries on Oceanic Circulation, by Dr. W. B. 
Carpenter, F, R, S., Proceedings of the Royal Geological Society, August, 1874. 
