596 The Ancient and Modern Pueblo Tribes. [October, 
San Juan ruins, several of which weighed twenty pounds each. 
Comparatively few of the old stone implements still remain in 
the Moqui tribe, having been replaced by iron tools. Those 
which yet exist are not in use, but are kept as relics of a past 
age. Many of the inhabitants can recollect when metal was first 
introduced among them, although it had been employed among 
the nomadic tribes of that district for centuries. — 
The rock inscriptions, which are everywhere visible in the 
vicinity of ancient mural remains, are also found on the cliffs and 
- walls of the plateaus on which the seven Moqui pueblos are 
built. These latter are very old, and the present people know 
nothing of them except that they were engraved there by their 
forefathers very many years ago. Frequently the same designs 
and figures are observable which adorn the rocks in the desert 
country to the north. 
From the above brief comparisons of the productions of these 
modern and ancient peoples, it becomes very evident that they 
possessed the same customs, habits, and to a great extent modes 
of labor. Further than this, they were both architectural and 
agricultural peoples, and both paid homage to the sun, or at 
least looked for a Messiah daily to come to them from the east. 
Many of the ancient houses (as those in the cafion of the Man- 
cos) faced toward that direction, and here the inhabitants might 
continually watch the eastern heavens ; the Mogquis still mount 
the roofs of their houses and wait expectant while the sun rises 
each day to view. 
The modes of burial are also the same as formerly, except that 
cremation is not practiced now by the peaceful tribes as it was 
during times of war, centuries ago. We find no large mounds 
for the purpose of sepulture among the ruins of this section oF 
through the Moqui burial grounds, yet the graves in both cases 
are marked by upright stones set on edge in the soil, and much 
pottery is strewn over the surface. : 
After briefly reviewing these facts, we arrive at the following 
conclusions: In the first place we know that an ancient race, ag- 
ricultural, semi-civilized, and well advanced in the industrial arts, 
peopled this portion of the West. From the traces of once culti- 
vated fields, now overgrown frequently by the Helianthus, 
through the river valleys, and the impressions and even the ee 
ence of corn-cobs in the mortar, and of burnt corn-cobs 1n bt 
urns, we arrive at the conclusion that the people were gti j 
tural. That they were well along in the arts may be seen mM 
