1877.] Recent Literature. 613 
mius to the Ohio and Potomac, L. ardens to the Cumberland, 
Roanoke, and James. 
XXV. Certain species have a peculiar northern and eastern 
range, occurring in the Upper Mississippi, in the head waters of 
the Illinois, Wabash, and Scioto, thence through the Great Lakes 
and New England, thence to South Carolina on the eastern slope 
of the Alleghanies. Such are Perca Americana, Eupomotis au- 
reus, and Amiurus catus: 
XX VI. Certain species have a peculiar northern and western 
range, occurring in the Middle States and in the Great Lakes 
and usually southward in the east to some point in Virginia or 
North Carolina, ceasing in the same latitude on both sides of the 
Alleghanies, but extending southwestward through the Missis- 
sippi Valley to the Gulf. Among these may be mentioned 
Luvilus cornutus, Notemigonus chrysoleucus, Ambloplites rupes- 
tris, Apomotis cyanellus. The last-named species, however, 
scarcely extends east of the Alleghanies. . 
XXVII. Certain species have a wide range north and south, 
either east or west of the Alleghanies, which do not cross that 
chain. Of these may be mentioned Lepiopomus auritus, Ennea- 
canthus obesus, Aphododerus Sayanus, Esox reticulatus, etc., on 
the east, and Haploidonotus grunniens, Hyodon tergisus, Noturus 
miurus, Noturus sialis, etc., on the west. 
XXVIII. The distribution of fresh-water fishes is dependent 
on (a) fresh-water communication ; on (b) character of stream, 
that is, of water, as to purity, depth, rapidity, vegetable growth, 
etc. ; on (Çe) the character of the river bed, as to size, condition, 
of bottom, etc. ; on (d) climate, as determined by latitude and 
by elevation above the sea ; and finally on (e) various unknown 
tactors arising from the nature or the past history of the species 
mM question, or from the geological history of the rivers. 
RECENT LITERATURE. 
American Insectrvorous Mammats. — Dr. Coues has recently 
published a preliminary paper on the American Insectivora,’ in which 
are described three new subgenera and five new species of Soricide. 
i 
3 Precursory Notes on American Insectivorous Mammals, with Descriptions of New 
Species, By ELLIOTT Covss. Captain and Assistant Surgeon United States Army, 
tary and Naturalist of the Survey. Bulletin U. S. Geology and Geographical 
alasi Vol. iii. No. 3, pp. 631, 653. Department of the Interior: Washington. May 
» 1877, 
