1877. ] Geology and Paleontology. 629 
Tae LARGEST Known SAURIAN. — Professor Cope recently described 
a new genus and species of saurian with ambulatory limbs under the 
name of Cam@osaurus supremus, which exceeds in dimensions any known 
land animal. The skeleton was found by Mr. O. W. Lucas near Can- 
yon City, Colorado, and a great part of it was preserved in good condi- 
tion through the labors of that gentleman. Its dorsal vertebra are oc- 
cupied by large chambers, a structure in which it differs from Cetiosaurus, 
a genus which it otherwise resembles. Its neck vertebra are of remark- 
able form, and the neural arches of the dorsal vertebre greatly elevated. 
One of the dorsal vertebra has an expanse of three and one half feet; 
another is two and a half feet in elevation. The femur measures over 
six feet in length, and the tail was very long. If the cervical series in- 
cluded six vertebra of the proportions of the one preserved the neck was 
ten feet in length. Another species allied to this one was recently sent 
to the Yale College museum from a point about one hundred miles north 
of Canyon City, but it appears to be a smaller animal, and the bones are 
in an inferior state of preservation. 
Remains or A HUGE Saurian IN PENNSYLVANIA, — At the recent 
meeting of the American Philosophical Society, Professor Cope called the 
attention of the members to a number of teeth of a huge land saurian 
which evidently inhabited Pennsylvania at an early geological period. 
The specimens were found by Charles M. Wheatley, of Phcenixville, 
Pa., in one of the copper mines, in the red sandstone and shale which 
traverses the State from northeast to southwest, in the eastern section. 
This reptile, which is new to science, was probably thirty feet in length, 
with a bulky body, supported by heavy limbs. The teeth are double- 
edged and finely serrate, and of the kind characteristic of the carnivo- 
rous saurians. The reptile was doubtless one of the most formidable 
that ever inhabited the State, and in point of time the earliest. It has 
received the name of Paleoctonus Appalachianus. 
New Verresrate Fossils. — Prof. O. C. Marsh, in the American 
Journal of Science for September, describes several new species of mam- 
mals, birds, reptiles, and fishes from different localities in the West, 
“Among the mammals are two Miocene Edentates, the first detected in 
this country, and a third species of this group from the Lower Pliocene. 
Another mammal of much interest is a rhinoceros from the Eocene, the 
Oldest known member of the family. A number of new genera are in- 
troduced, some of which have an important bearing on the genealogy of 
ertlary mammals. Among the other vertebrates is a new genus of 
Crocodilians from the horizon of the Wealden, and a new species of 
Or ocodilus from the Pliocene.” A new tapiroid animal, intermediate 
m Structure between the extinct Lophiodon and the existing tapir, is 
described from remains from the Miocene of New Jersey (formerly re- 
aou to Lophiodon) and the Lower Pliocene east of the Rock y Mountains. 
“WO species of Bison (B. ferox and B. Alleni) from the Lower Pliocene 
