674 Glacial Marks on the Pacifice Coast. [ November, 
GLACIAL MARKS ON THE PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC 
COASTS COMPARED. 
BY A. S. PACKARD, JR. 
i Sombre in Europe one can readily interpret the ancient 
moraines and other ice marks by reference to existing 
glaciers with their moraines, ice grooves, and scratches, the Amer- 
ican geologist is usually forced to make a long journey to Switz- _ 
erland, the Pyrenees, or to Norway in order to observe such phe- 
nomena, now to be seen on an extended scale only in Arctic 
America and in Greenland. However, the recent discovery by 
Mr. Clarence King of a few small glaciers in the Sierra Nevada 
of California has, with the observations of others, shown, what 
was quite unsuspected a few years ago, that not only the Rocky 
Mountains but the Sierra Nevada have been the seat of exten- 
sive glaciers, which in the Sierra Nevada descended to a point 
between two and three thousand feet above the sea, or as low as 
five or six thousand feet in the Rocky Mountains. We had fol- 
lowed up these discoveries with much interest, and made during 
our entomological journeys cursory observations upon ancient 
glaciers and rounded rocks in the Rocky Mountains in 1875, 
and again during the early part of the past summer in Mon- 
tana and parts of adjoining Territories. In the course, how- 
ever, of an extended journey through Middle and Northern 
California, portions of Oregon, Washington Territory, and Van- 
eotiver Island, undertaken in the interests of the United States 
Entomological Commission, I was enabled from the stage-coach, 
or on horseback, or in the course of my entomological walks, to 
observe certain more salient points, which some experience 1n 
past years in the study of surface geology in Switzerland and 
Norway, as well as in New England and Labrador, rendered of 
a comparative nature and proved of great personal interest. In- 
deed, I have been struck with the remarkable parallelism be- 
tween all the more general glacial phenomena, whether observed 
in the Old or on the Atlantic or Pacific borders of the New 
World. : : 
A rapid and too cursory inspection of the Whitney Glacier seg 
Mount Shasta, of the moraines upon its lower extremity and of 
the ancient ones on the flanks of the mountain, which have been 
in part described by Mr. King, though much still remains to be 
studied, has enabled us, as never before, to comprehend the 
