1877. ] ` Glacial Marks on the Pacific Coast. 677 
two miles long, sweeping around to a small extinct volcano per- 
haps one thousand feet in height, ending in nine or ten small 
cones. These moraines apparently connect with the terminal 
moraine of a small, narrow glacier just east of Whitney’s, and 
which must formerly have made an upper eastern branch of it. 
As evidence of the former extension of the glacier down into the 
Shasta Valley are two well-rounded hills, evidently regularly 
moulded by ice, and forming flattened domes. 
The trail from the cone to Sisson’s house lies over a lava 
ridge, formed of loose, angular bowlders of the reddish lava com- 
posing the cones, with a few bowlders of a whitish rock. For 
several miles it was arranged in transverse terraces or benches a 
few feet in height, with rock masses piled upon them in slightly 
concentric parallel transverse rows, the interspaces being clear of 
rocks. It extends about eight miles from the base of the cone 
down into the forest, and is so irregular, rough, naked, and 
jagged that Mr. Sisson has well christened it the “ Devil’s Gar- 
den.” At first it seemed to me to be simply an old lava stream, 
like those I had seen on Mount Vesuvius ; but after riding sev- 
eral hours over and past it, both on my way to and from the 
cone, and noticing the foreign bowlders on its surface, and two 
lateral moraines on the sides, it seemed without doubt to bea 
long, narrow, median moraine. For the greater portion of its 
length the sides are remarkably steep and regular, and it has a 
remarkable external resemblance to the gravel ridges in Ando- 
ver, Mass., and other portions of New England. 
To the southward, between the cone and the main peak, is a 
small park in which a glacier must formerly have rested ; on the 
outer western edge is a small terminal moraine, flanked by a 
lateral moraine on each side. 
As the crater cone is composed of a light reddish lava, while 
the much older main peak consists of a pale, bluish-gray tra- 
chyte, it is easy to distinguish the respective origins of the 
long lateral moraines which extend from the two peaks, the last 
red lava ridges extending down from the crater cone, lying parallel 
to the northwesternmost pale gray moraine of the main peak. 
The trachyte moraines even extend ten or twelve miles down to, 
the west side of the stage road a little north of Sisson’s hotel, 
where there are several conical hills of débris, which had evi- 
dently come from the main peak of Mount Shasta. 
The fact of most interest connected with the Whitney Glacier 
is that the ice is concealed for a considerable distance by the ter- 
