1877.] Glacial Marks on the Pacific Coast. 679 
Maine. Here, evidently, the moraines had come down on glaciers 
from the Cascade Range, the source mainly perhaps from Mount 
Rainier, now a lofty, snow-clad cone like Mount Hood. 
The former glaciers about Puget Sound were apparently a part 
of the series now existing in Alaska and described by Mr. W. 
H. Dall. Along the railroad track, within eight or ten miles of 
Tacoma, was a series of twelve or fifteen low, gravel ridges as 
level and with as regular a slope as fortifications. They run 
north by east and south by west, in a course generally parallel 
with the Cascade Range. I could not but compare them with - 
the series of transverse ridges on the Mount Shasta moraines, and 
regard them as marking the steps in the retreat of a broad, thin 
mass of ice extending into one of the arms of Puget Sound from 
the neighborhood of Mount Rainier. 
The shores of Puget Sound from Tacoma to Port Townsend are 
lined with a series of sands and gravels capping marine clays, in all 
respects like the cliffs of Massachusetts Bay and the Maine coast ; 
and indeed the scenic features of Puget Sound with its many long, 
harrow reaches recall the lakes of Maine and Southern Norway. 
But at Vancouver Island, the resemblance is still more striking. 
Here the rocks in several localities about Victoria, on the shores 
of the Straits of Fuca, are as deeply furrowed and scored as I 
have seen anywhere on the coast of New England or of Norway. 
The trap and syenite down to the water’s edge are smoothed and 
polished, with often deep furrows several inches wide, all running 
north 10° west, and south 10° east. The glacier which made 
them must have come from the centre of Vancouver Island, 
Which is high and mountainous. Particularly interesting was 
the presence of fossil quaternary shells in the clay which covered 
the rocks, and which in color and scenic features exactly repro- 
duced that formation, so familiar to me on the coast of Maine. 
The clays were fine, stratified, though perhaps less so than 
Atlantic coast clays, with bowlders, mostly angular, but some well 
_ Scratched and glacier-worn. These beds graduated above into _ 
_ regularly stratified pebbly, or gravelly, or sandy beds capped by 
black mold containing Indian shell heaps. The fossil shells and 
barnacles occurred from two to ten feet above the sea level. The 
> Species obtained were submitted to Mr. R. E. C. Stearns of the 
University of California, who kindly named them for me. They 
are enumerated in accordance with their relative abundance, the 
Cardium corbis being by far the most common. 
