680 Glacial Marks on the Pacific Coast. | [November, 
Cardium corbis Martyn. Now a common Pacific coast shell. 
Schizotherus Nuttalli Conrad, 
Purpura crispata Chemnitz, 
Mytilus modiolus Linn., 
Leda fossa Baird. One perfect example. 
The valves of an enormous barnacle (probably Balanus tin- 
tinnabulum) frequently occurred. It lives abundantly on the 
rocks about Victoria. 
Glacial phenomena of quite a different nature were observed 
in the Yosemite Valley. From a hasty examination of the val- 
ley and its surroundings from Glacier Point, as well as different 
localities in the valley itself, it seemed plain enough that the val- 
ley, originally due to a series of faults as described by Professor 
Whitney and Mr. King, had become filled with ice continuously 
with the upper valley, as high up at least as the summit of Mount 
Starr King, which is a rounded dome; the source of the sup- 
ply being the high peaks of the Sierra, such as Mounts Dana 
and Lyell, which are jagged and not molded by ice, all the peaks 
below having been rounded and worn by ice, while the sides of the 
valley in the more exposed places, and the North Dome and Half 
Dome, have been, as described by Mr. John Muir, molded and 
smoothed by the ice. The.walls of the outlet, or lower valley, 
seemed also to have been molded by ice. 
The history of the valley appeared to us somewhat in this wise : 
After its present shape had been marked out, and the mountains 
round about had assumed their present shape, the result of atmos- 
pheric erosion during the later tertiary period, the climate changed, 
the Sierra was covered with glaciers, and the Yosemite Valley was 
filled to overflowing with ice. It melted, and filled the bottom 
of the valley, which now forms a level park. The small, low, ter- 
minal moraine at the lower end of the valley, which formerly 
dammed the Merced, was finally cut through by the river and the 
park drained, and the present aspect of this wonderful cañon suc- 
ceeded. This is the history of many valleys which I have seen 
in New England, Labrador, and Scandinavia, and the parallelism 
between them seems remarkably exact. 
