1877.] Concerning Two Divisions of Indians. 739 
wrought among them. ‘Those gaining horses and arms were en- 
abled to wage war against their enemies. The church, being 
in harmony with the military force of the country during the 
Spanish and Mexican occupancy of the same, would send out a 
force of soldiers or conquered Indians, with horses and arms, to 
war upon the different Indians who were considered enemies, 
killing the men and bringing in the women and children, who 
were baptized, and thenceforth lost their tribal relations. Great 
numbers were thus gathered around missions, which so weakened 
various tribes that they would unite so as to be able to cope with 
their common enemies, the church or an Indian tribe. Both 
divisions suffered by like causes; and when a band of each of the 
divisions united, the customs of one would give way to the adop- 
tion of those of the other, or each would carry out the customs of 
both according to inclination. For instance, the bands of Pai- 
utes will sometimes burn, at others bury, their dead, indicating 
that they are composed of both divisions of Indians. Or a band 
of each of these divisions of Indians may live side by side for 
mutual protection, and gradually adopt each other’s customs, as is 
the case with the Maricopah Indians of Arizona, who soon after 
the Mexican war removed alongside of the Pimo Indians, for pro- 
tection. Now they have nearly given up their custom of burning 
the dead, and adopted the custom of the Pimos, burying the dead. 
They have also improved in the art of making baskets and pot- 
tery, so that they can make an article equal to the Pimos. 
It must be evident that the nature of the country which is oc- 
cupied by a nation influences the manners, habits, and intelli- 
gence of the people. The ever-craving appetites of life, espe- 
cially that of hunger, operating upon each individual cannot fail 
to give direction to his inventive habits, determine his pursuits, 
and impress upon him a character for all time. If the soil will 
yield grain or roots, or the rivers a plenty of fish, or if the mount- 
ains, valleys, and prairies are stocked with game, the course of 
an Indian’s life day after day is thereby established perma- 
nently, for the wants of nature compel him to one fixed system 
of procuring food. The food question being all-powerful and 
not to be pretermitted, he is forced to become a hunter, a fisher- 
man, or root-digger, in accordance with the nature of the coun- 
try he occupies. Varied are the conditions of the soil and cli- 
mate, as, for instance, that about the Moqui towns, which is so 
sandy and dry that they sow their seed so that it germinates in 
time to have the advantages of summer rains. All must stay 
