742 Concerning Two Divisions of Indians. —[December, 
the caves and the stone buildings on the bluffs. Many caves 
are to be found in the country, and they appear to have been 
occupied by the same people, the Toltecs. The Aztecs left many 
grave-yards, which are distinguishable by piles of stones, gener- 
ally of a circular form, but with no regularity as to distance 
apart. In one, particularly, I noticed a number of graves ar- , 
ranged into some degree of order, being in nearly straight rows 
and several in a row, with stones piled on top lengthwise as if 
to indicate the height of the deceased when living ; but in both 
these kinds of graves there was nothing beyond ashes and pieces 
of human bones placed nearly in the centre. 
The ruined cities built of adobes in the provinces of Durango 
and Chihuahua, Mexico, are like the seven cities of Civola, or 
towns of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, mentioned by the 
Spanish, who speak of the great wealth of the people living in 
them ; if they were formerly wealthy they are not now, and the 
quality of the soil must have changed and more water must have 
flowed over the surface. These people in early days had no 
domestic animals, so they must have depended upon the soil of 
_ their immediate neighborhood for whatever they possessed. Now 
it is a dry, sandy waste, and these people can scarcely obtain 
the plainest living, much less gain the wealth spoken of by the 
Spaniards, 
The people of these seven towns, as all those inhabiting that 
section of country under consideration were called by the Span- 
iards Aztecs, despite the wide differences between them. They | I 
seemed to have no other idea than to make these people appear 
great, powerful, and wealthy, in order to gain the favorable con- 
sideration of their king, on the one hand; and to make them to 
appear great idolaters, offering up human sacrifices to their gods, 
on the other hand, to please the church. But I have not been 
able to find any indications of idols among them other than what 
they have derived from the missionaries. They have many dolls — 
made of clay by the females for the children to play with, and for — 
no other purpose, many of which have been taken away and 
called gods. I have seen them in museums marked as coming © 
from these people. 
The chureh has tried to impress upon the Indian mind a rev- 
erence for a Montezuma whom they were taught would comè 
some day, if they were good, to rule them, and historians say he 
lived and ruled the city of Mexico. If he had been a great ruler, 
and the impression had ever been conveyed to Indians by natural 
